A piezoelectric acoustic resonator with an adjustable temperature compensation capability is disclosed. The piezoelectric acoustic resonator includes: a piezoelectric acoustic reflection structure, a first electrode, a second electrode, a piezoelectric layer between the first electrode and the second electrode, and a temperature compensation layer; wherein the temperature compensation layer is a single-layer temperature compensation layer formed of SixOy material, or a composite temperature compensation layer formed by stacking material with a positive temperature coefficient of sound velocity and material with a negative temperature coefficient of sound velocity; and the temperature compensation layer is configured to: perform reverse compensation for a temperature frequency shift caused by the first electrode, the piezoelectric layer and the second electrode in the piezoelectric acoustic resonator; wherein x:y is not equal to 1:2.