公开(公告)号：WO2012058207A2

公开(公告)日：2012-05-03

申请号：PCT/US2011/057648

申请日：2011-10-25

Applicant: AMERICAN SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING, INC. ,  GRODZINS, Lee ,  SCHUBERT, Jeffrey, R. ,  AL-KOFAHI, Omar ,  ROTHSCHILD, Peter, J.

Inventor： GRODZINS, Lee ,  SCHUBERT, Jeffrey, R. ,  AL-KOFAHI, Omar ,  ROTHSCHILD, Peter, J.

IPC: G01N23/04 ,  G01V5/00

CPC classification number: G01N23/046 ,  G01N2223/419 ,  G21K1/02 ,  G21K1/043

Abstract: Apparatus for interrupting and/or scanning a beam of penetrating radiation, such as for purposes of inspecting contents of a container. A source, such as an x-ray tube, generates a fan beam of radiation effectively emanating from a source axis, with the width of the fan beam collimated by a width collimator, such as a clamshell collimator. An angular collimator, stationary during the course of scanning, limits the extent of the scan, and a multi-aperture unit, such as a hoop, or a nested pair of hoops, is rotated about a central axis, and structured in such a manner that beam flux incident on a target is conserved for different fields of view of the beam on the target. The central axis of hoop rotation need not coincide with the source axis.

Abstract translation: 用于中断和/或扫描穿透辐射束的装置，例如用于检查容器内容物的目的。 诸如X射线管的源产生有效地从源轴发出的辐射风扇束，其中风扇光束的宽度由诸如蛤壳式准直仪的宽度准直器准直。 在扫描过程中静止的角度准直器限制了扫描的程度，并且诸如环形或多对环的多孔单元围绕中心轴旋转，并以这种方式构造 入射到目标上的光束通量对于目标上的光束的不同视场是保守的。 环向旋转的中心轴不需要与源轴重合。

公开(公告)号：WO2007041639A3

公开(公告)日：2007-04-12

申请号：PCT/US2006/038846

申请日：2006-10-04

Applicant: THERMO NITON ANALYZERS LLC ,  GRODZINS, Lee

Inventor： GRODZINS, Lee

IPC: G01N23/223

Abstract: A method and computer program software product for establishing an areal density of an elemental constituent of one layer of a stack of layers of material overlying a substrate. Incident penetrating radiation excites characteristic x-ray fluorescent radiation in multiple lines associated with each of one or more elements. Areal densities of successive layers are determined by self-consistent solution of equations relating the ratios of intensities of the characteristic fluorescence lines of successive elements.

公开(公告)号：WO2010054018A1

公开(公告)日：2010-05-14

申请号：PCT/US2009/063311

申请日：2009-11-04

Applicant: THERMO NITON ANALYZERS LLC ,  DUGAS, Michael, E. ,  GRODZINS, Lee

Inventor： DUGAS, Michael, E. ,  GRODZINS, Lee

IPC: G01N23/223 ,  G01T1/17

CPC classification number: G01N23/223 ,  G01N2223/076

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for adapting the shaping time and/or other pulse processing parameters of an x-ray detector (114) in accordance with the elemental composition of a sample and/or energy resolving requirements. X-rays (104) are directed from a source (102) onto a sample (110) and the radiation (108) responsively emitted from the sample (e.g., fluoresced radiation characteristic of the sample's elemental composition) and detected by an x-ray detector (114) that generates pulses representative of the energy and intensity of the incident radiation. Based upon initial analysis of elemental composition, the shaping time and/or other pulse processing parameter (s) are set to optimize count rate subject to constraints of energy resolution in a spectral region of interest.

Abstract translation: 根据样品的元素组成和/或能量分辨要求来适应X射线检测器（114）的成形时间和/或其它脉冲处理参数的方法和装置。 将X射线（104）从源（102）引导到样品（110）上，并且从样品响应地发射的辐射（108）（例如，样品的元素组成的荧光辐射特性）并通过X射线 检测器（114），其产生表示入射辐射的能量和强度的脉冲。 基于元素组成的初始分析，设定成形时间和/或其它脉冲处理参数以优化受感兴趣的光谱区域中的能量分辨约束的计数率。

公开(公告)号：WO2007139915A2

公开(公告)日：2007-12-06

申请号：PCT/US2007/012454

申请日：2007-05-25

Applicant: THERMO NITON ANALYZERS LLC ,  GRODZINS, Lee

Inventor： GRODZINS, Lee

CPC classification number: G01T3/06 ,  G01T1/2018

Abstract: An apparatus for selective radiation detection includes a neutron detector that facilitates detection of neutron emitters, e.g. plutonium, and the like; a gamma ray detector that facilitates detection of gamma ray sources, e.g., uranium, and the like. The apparatus comprises a first light guide, optically coupled to a first optical detector; a second light guide, optically coupled to a second optical detector a sheet of neutron scintillator, opaque for incoming optical photons, said sheet of neutron scintillator sandwiched between the first and the second light guides. The second light guide comprises a gamma ray scintillator material.

Abstract translation: 用于选择性辐射检测的装置包括中子探测器，其有助于检测中子发射器，例如， 钚等; 有助于检测伽马射线源（例如铀等）的伽马射线检测器。 该装置包括光学耦合到第一光学检测器的第一光导; 第二光导，光耦合到第二光学检测器，一片中子闪烁体，对于入射的光子光不透明，所述中子闪烁体片夹在第一和第二光导之间。 第二光导包括伽马射线闪烁体材料。

公开(公告)号：WO2007041639B1

公开(公告)日：2007-11-08

申请号：PCT/US2006038846

申请日：2006-10-04

Applicant: THERMO NITON ANALYZERS LLC ,  GRODZINS LEE

Inventor： GRODZINS LEE

IPC: G01N23/223

CPC classification number: G01N23/223 ,  G01B15/025 ,  G01N2223/076

Abstract: A method and computer program software product for establishing an areal density of an elemental constituent of one layer of a stack of layers of material overlying a substrate. Incident penetrating radiation excites characteristic x-ray fluorescent radiation in multiple lines associated with each of one or more elements. Areal densities of successive layers are determined by self-consistent solution of equations relating the ratios of intensities of the characteristic fluorescence lines of successive elements.

Abstract translation: 一种方法和计算机程序软件产品，用于建立覆盖在衬底上的一层堆叠材料的一层的元素组成的面密度。 入射穿透辐射激发与一个或多个元件中的每一个相关联的多条线中的特征X射线荧光辐射。 连续层的面密度由与连续元素的特征荧光线的强度比相关的方程式的自相一致解决定。

公开(公告)号：WO2007041639A2

公开(公告)日：2007-04-12

申请号：PCT/US2006038846

申请日：2006-10-04

Applicant: THERMO NITON ANALYZERS LLC ,  GRODZINS LEE

Inventor： GRODZINS LEE

CPC classification number: G01N23/223 ,  G01B15/025 ,  G01N2223/076

Abstract: A method and computer program software product for establishing an areal density of an elemental constituent of one layer of a stack of layers of material overlying a substrate. Incident penetrating radiation excites characteristic x-ray fluorescent radiation in multiple lines associated with each of one or more elements. Areal densities of successive layers are determined by self-consistent solution of equations relating the ratios of intensities of the characteristic fluorescence lines of successive elements.

Abstract translation: 一种方法和计算机程序软件产品，用于建立覆盖衬底的材料层堆叠中的一层的元素成分的面密度。 入射穿透辐射激发与一个或多个元件中的每一个相关联的多条线中的特征X射线荧光辐射。 连续层的面密度由关于连续元素的特征荧光线的强度比率的方程的自洽解来确定。

公开(公告)号：WO2007011729A2

公开(公告)日：2007-01-25

申请号：PCT/US2006/027374

申请日：2006-07-13

Applicant: THERMO NITON ANALYZERS LLC ,  GRODZINS, Lee

Inventor： GRODZINS, Lee

IPC: G01N21/67 ,  G01N21/17

CPC classification number: G01N21/1702 ,  G01N21/67 ,  G01N21/718 ,  G01N21/94 ,  G01N29/0618 ,  G01N29/14 ,  G01N29/2418 ,  G01N33/20 ,  G01N2021/1706 ,  G01S5/26 ,  G01S5/30

Abstract: Two or more high-frequency microphones are used to determine where an individual spark or other excitation beam strikes a sample in an optical emission spectroscopy (OES) instrument. The position of the spark can be correlated with the elemental composition of the material in the sample vaporized by the spark. The microphones are placed appropriately in air around a sparker of the instrument, or appropriately on the sample, or on both the sample and in the air. Arrival times of sound from the spark to the microphones, or a difference in the arrival times, yields information, from which the position of the spark relative to the microphones, and hence the absolute position of the spark, is deduced, such as by triangulation. Optionally or in addition, a signal that indicates a time when the spark is produced is correlated with one or more spectra detected by a spectrometer, so a spectrum that results from the vaporized sample can be distinguished from a spectrum that results from heated gas above the sample.

Abstract translation: 使用两个或更多个高频麦克风来确定单个火花或其他激发光束在光发射光谱（OES）仪器中射出的样品。 火花的位置可以与由火花蒸发的样品中的材料的元素组成相关。 将麦克风适当放置在仪器火花塞周围的空气中，或适当地放置在样品上，或样品和空气中。 从火花到麦克风的声音到达时间的到达时间，或到达时间的差异，产生了相对于麦克风的火花位置以及火花的绝对位置的信息，例如通过三角测量 。 可选地或另外地，指示产生火花的时间的信号与由光谱仪检测到的一个或多个光谱相关联，因此从气化样品产生的光谱可以与由上述 样品。

公开(公告)号：WO2005010514A1

公开(公告)日：2005-02-03

申请号：PCT/US2004/016296

申请日：2004-05-24

Applicant: NITON LLC. ,  MARTIN, Kenneth, P. ,  HONNELLIO, Anthony ,  GRODZINS, Lee

Inventor： MARTIN, Kenneth, P. ,  HONNELLIO, Anthony ,  GRODZINS, Lee

IPC: G01N23/223

CPC classification number: G01N23/223 ,  G01N2223/076

Abstract: A radiation shield and method for reducing ambient radiation levels at a distance from a surface irradiated by penetrating radiation emanating from an instrument. The shield attaches to an end of the instrument abutting an irradiated surface and has a platen of attenuating material disposed within a plane substantially transverse to the propagation direction of penetrating radiation and substantially adjacent to the irradiated surface.

Abstract translation: 一种辐射屏蔽和方法，用于减少与从仪器发射的穿透辐射辐射的表面相距一定距离处的环境辐射水平。 屏蔽件附接到仪器的与被照射表面邻接的端部，并且具有设置在基本上横贯穿透辐射的传播方向并且基本上与被照射表面相邻的平面内的衰减材料的压板。

公开(公告)号：WO2017147603A1

公开(公告)日：2017-08-31

申请号：PCT/US2017/019765

申请日：2017-02-27

Applicant: ROTHSCHILD, Peter, J. ,  GRODZINS, Lee

Inventor： ROTHSCHILD, Peter, J. ,  GRODZINS, Lee

IPC: A61B6/00 ,  G01N23/087 ,  A61B6/06 ,  H01J35/00

CPC classification number: A61B6/505 ,  A61B6/06 ,  A61B6/4071 ,  A61B6/4078 ,  A61B6/4241 ,  A61B6/4258 ,  A61B6/4291 ,  A61B6/4429 ,  A61B6/4441 ,  A61B6/4476 ,  A61B6/482 ,  A61B6/485 ,  A61B6/5217 ,  A61B6/5282 ,  A61B6/542 ,  G01N23/087 ,  G01N2223/076 ,  G01N2223/0763 ,  G01N2223/1013 ,  G01N2223/1016 ,  H01J35/00

Abstract: A system and corresponding method for detecting one or more high-atomic-number elements in a patient includes a Bremsstrahlung x-ray source that produces x-rays in an energy spectrum including an energy of at least 160 kiloelectron-volts (keV), a filter configured to absorb the x-rays in a region of the energy spectrum, and a collimator configured to receive the x-rays and output a collimated x-ray beam to be incident on a patient. The system and method can also include one or more collimated, energy-resolving x-ray detectors to detect fluorescent radiation emitted from the one or more high-atomic-number elements in the patient in response to the collimated x-ray beam incident on the patient. An alternative x-ray source can include a radioactive isotope. Scanning of the x-ray beam may also be performed. Embodiments enable practical clinical, in vivo measurements of lead in bone.

Abstract translation: 用于检测患者中的一个或多个高原子序数元素的系统和对应方法包括Bre致辐射x射线源，其产生能量谱中的x射线，所述能量谱包括至少160 千电子伏特（keV），被配置为吸收能量谱区域中的x射线的滤波器以及被配置为接收x射线并输出准直的x射线束以入射到患者身体上的准直器。 该系统和方法还可以包括一个或多个准直的能量分辨x射线检测器，以响应于入射到该准直x射线束上的一个或多个高原子序数元件发射的荧光辐射 患者。 另一种X射线源可以包括放射性同位素。 也可以执行X射线束的扫描。 实施例使得实际的临床，体内骨中铅的测量成为可能。

公开(公告)号：WO2010127269A1

公开(公告)日：2010-11-04

申请号：PCT/US2010/033203

申请日：2010-04-30

Applicant: THERMO NITON ANALYZERS LLC ,  GRODZINS, Lee

Inventor： GRODZINS, Lee

IPC: G01N23/223

CPC classification number: G01N23/223 ,  G01N2223/076

Abstract: An apparatus and method are disclosed for localizing an element of interest in a sample by comparing XRF spectra acquired from at least two distinct but overlapping inspection volumes. The inspection volumes are varied by changing the geometry of the exciting x-ray and/or fluoresced x-ray beam(s), which may be accomplished by repositioning multi-apertured collimators. Comparison of the XRF spectra acquired from different inspection volumes provides an indication as to whether the element of interest (e.g., lead) is present in a coating layer, in the underlying bulk material, or in both.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种用于通过比较从至少两个不同但重叠的检查体积获取的XRF光谱来定位样品中感兴趣的元件的装置和方法。 通过改变激发的x射线和/或荧光X射线束的几何形状来改变检查体积，这可以通过重新定位多孔准直器来实现。 从不同检查体积获得的XRF光谱的比较提供关于感兴趣的元素（例如，铅）是否存在于涂层中，潜在的散装材料中或两者中的指示。