Abstract:
A description is provided of a cooler (1) for cooling hot particulate material which has been subjected to heat treatment in an industrial kiln such as a rotary kiln (3) for manufacturing cement clinker, said cooler (1) comprising a grate (21) for receiving and supporting hot material from the kiln, at least one cooling gas duct (28) which is connected to slots (20) in the grate (21) for introducing cooling gases into the hot material and a compressed air system (25, 26) for injecting compressed air into the material on the grate (21). The cooler is characterized in that it comprises flow restricting means (31) which are provided in the cooling gas duct (28). It is hereby obtained, without using mechanically movable components that only a very limited amount of the compressed air which is injected into the material on the grate is allowed to pass through the cooling gas duct. This is due to the fact that the flow restricting means, as a consequence of the pressure conditions prevailing immediately under the grate when compressed air is injected will operate as a non- return valve which will substantially prevent compressed air from passing down through the cooling gas duct.
Abstract:
Described is a method as well as an apparatus for removing volatile components, such as chloride, alkali and sulphur, from a cement manufacturing plant, which plant comprises a preheater (1) for preheating cement raw materials, a kiln (5) for burning cement clinker, and a transition zone (3) between the preheater (1) and the kiln (5). The method and apparatus is peculiar in that a condensation body (9) having a temperature which is lower than the condensation temperature of the volatile components is introduced into the exhaust gases at a location where the temperature of the exhaust gases exceeds the mentioned condensation temperature so that volatile components when brought into contact with the condensation body are cooled to a level below their condensation temperature and are thereby condensed and deposited on the condensation body (9), and in that the condensation body (9) is subsequently taken out from the exhaust gases and cleaned of deposited condensation products.
Abstract:
A description is given of a method for analyzing particle-laden gases extracted from a processing plant, such as process gases from a minerals processing plant where the extracted particle-laden gases are introduced to a compartment where they are brought into rotation so that the particles under the action of centrifugal force are separated from the gases and thrust against the wall of the compartment and where the gases and particles are subsequently diverted from the compartment. The method is characterized in that the gases are analyzed in a central part of the compartment while the gases and particles are separated. As a result, the reaction time for analyzing the gases will be very short due to the fact that the gas/particle separation and the analysis of the gases will take place in the very compartment whereto the particle-laden gases are introduced.
Abstract:
A method to thermally convert alternative fuels within a loop seal reactor by utilizing pre-heated/calcined cement meal as the heat source within which alternative fuels are immersed, subjected to drying, pyrolysis and subsequently charred, and an apparatus utilized to practice such method.
Abstract:
A description is provided of a seal for preventing harmful material passing through a gap (3) between two machine elements (4,5) with said seal comprising two sealing parts (1,2) where at least one of the sealing parts (1) is fixed to one of the machine elements (5) and being configured for rotational operation together with said machine element (5) and where at least one of the machine elements (5) is configured for a movement back and forth in its axial direction relative to the other machine element (4). The seal is characterised in that the sealing part (1) being configured for rotational operation is provided with at least one helical thread (6) and in that one of the sealing parts (2) forms a casing (2a,2b,2c) around a portion of the other sealing part (1) and in that at least a portion of the helical thread (6) is located inside the casing (2a,2b,2c). In this way material (e.g. harmful dust) is restricted from passing through the gap between the two machine elements regardless of the fact that both machine elements perform a rotational and translatory movement relative to each other. The rotating sealing part with the helical thread ensures that most of the material coming into contact with the seal will be thrown away from the gap even when a significant relative axial displacement between the machine elements takes place.
Abstract:
A burner for a rotary kiln comprising - an elongated tubular body (6) having a longitudinal axis (L) and a discharge end (7) adjacent a combustion zone comprising a flame, - at least one fuel supply pipe for transporting and ejecting fuel through a fuel pipe outlet (10) at the discharge end (7), the fuel being alternative fuel or a mixture of alternative fuel and fossil fuel, and - at the discharge end (7), a number of high speed primary air jet outlets for ejecting primary air and being arranged, when seen towards the discharge end, along a closed line, such as a circle, outwardly of the fuel outlet (10) and surrounding the fuel outlet, wherein at least one of the primary air outlets and preferably a number of the primary air outlets comprise a single orifice outlet or a multiple orifice outlet forming a flat jet air outlet (11) having a major axis and a minor axis and being configured to eject a flat jet air stream (13) having a flat fan pattern with a predetermined fan angle v.
Abstract:
A method to thermally convert alternative fuels within a loop seal reactor by utilizing preheated/calcined cement meal as the heat source within which alternative fuels are immersed, subjected to drying, pyrolysis and subsequently charred, and an apparatus utilized to practice such method.
Abstract:
A burner for a rotary kiln comprising - an elongated tubular body (6) having a longitudinal axis (L) and a discharge end (7) adjacent a combustion zone comprising a flame, - at least one fuel supply pipe for transporting and ejecting fuel through a fuel pipe outlet (10) at the discharge end (7), the fuel being alternative fuel or a mixture of alternative fuel and fossil fuel, and - at the discharge end (7), a number of high speed primary air jet outlets for ejecting primary air and being arranged, when seen towards the discharge end, along a closed line, such as a circle, outwardly of the fuel outlet (10) and surrounding the fuel outlet, wherein at least one of the primary air outlets and preferably a number of the primary air outlets comprise a single orifice outlet or a multiple orifice outlet forming a flat jet air outlet (11) having a major axis and a minor axis and being configured to eject a flat jet air stream (13) having a flat fan pattern with a predetermined fan angle v.