Abstract:
A numerical comparator (20) is disclosed. Time dependent waveforms of positive symmetrical sequence components and negative symmetrical sequence components of a power system's currents are produced. In one application of this invention, the torque signal generated by the numerical comparator, M k+1 , is employed to determine whether a fault has occurred in a transmission line. Another application involves employing the output M k+1 to determine the direction of power flow in the transmission line. In yet another application, the output M k+1 is used to determine whether a voltage or current has exceeded a predetermined threshold.
Abstract:
A numerical comparator (20) is disclosed. Time dependent waveforms of positive symmetrical sequence components and negative symmetrical sequence components of a power system's currents are produced. In one application of this invention, the torque signal generated by the numerical comparator, M k+1 , is employed to determine whether a fault has occurred in a transmission line. Another application involves employing the output M k+1 to determine the direction of power flow in the transmission line. In yet another application, the output M k+1 is used to determine whether a voltage or current has exceeded a predetermined threshold.
Abstract:
A power distribution line communication system for, and method of, reducing effects of signal cancellation at locations along the distribution line (2) due to standing waves caused by reflections of a carrier signal impressed on the distribution line (2). A same outgoing data signal is modulated on each of a plurality of carrier signals (40, 42, 44) having different frequencies. The carrier signal frequencies are selected such that all of the carrier signals (40, 42, 44) will not experience signal cancellation at a same location on the distribution line (2). The modulated carrier signals (40, 42, 44) are simultaneously impressed on the distribution line (2) for transmission to remote locations (4), thereby ensuring reception of the outgoing data signal at each remote location (4).
Abstract:
An electronic energy meter senses input voltage and current signals and processes them to generate a plurality of power measurements. The meter includes a processing system (14/16) for selecting one of the plurality of power measurements and for generating a pulsed test signal related to the selected power measurement for testing the operation of the meter, and an optical communications port (40) coupled to the processing system for transmitting the pulsed test signal from the meter to a testing device external to the meter.
Abstract:
Twin metal billets (31) are fed to dual circumferential grooves (44) formed in a rotary wheel (43), and are advanced to a die (21) which has a die opening with a circumferentially discontinuous, annular cross section. The metal merges in the die opening and exits therefrom in the form of a slit tube (34, 36). The tube is advanced over a forming member (38) to form a flat strip (39). As the tube is advanced over the forming member, an alignment system (300) maintains the tube in a centred position. The alignment system includes a light source (302a, b) disposed within the tube and two arrays of photo-transistors (308) arranged to receive light from the light source, the amount of light sensed by each array being a function of the position of the slit in the tube relative to a desired position. Any difference results in a steering roll (318) in contact with the outer surface of the tube pivoting in a direction which will bring the tube back into alignment.
Abstract:
A system for crew location and task assignment comprises an enterprise computing system (50), a mobile field unit (52), and wireless communication network (54) which supports transmission control protocol (TCP/IP). The enterprise computing network (50) comprises application programs (80) through which data related to the position of a mobile field unit (52) may be requested, various server machines (84) for storing position data, a local area network (LAN) connecting the server machines (84), and a gateway to the TCP/IP wireless network. A mobile field unit (52) comprises a receiver (97) for receiving position data from a positioning service, a processor (98) having instructions thereon for processing the position data, and a radio modem (86) for communicating the position data over the wireless network (54). The mobile field unit (52) and each machine in the enterprise computing system has a unique IP address assigned to it. Accordingly, commands and data can be communicated freely between all machines.
Abstract:
An automated meter reading server (15) having an open, distributed architecture that collects, loads, and manages system-wide data collected from energy meters (60) and routes the data automatically to upstream business systems. The automated meter reading server includes a repository (120) of metering data, and additionally provides timely access to information by including collection, storage, validation, estimation, editing, publishing and securing of meter consumption and interval data. The automated meter reading server obtains data from meters (60) equipped with modems via standard telephone lines or public RF networks. The data is converted from the format of the meter/communications infrastructure to a format usable by the automated meter reading server and the repository (120). The data is converted from the automated meter reading server compatible form to a format of a specific upstream business system prior to transmission.
Abstract:
A load tap changer comprising in part a diverter switch is disclosed. The diverter switch includes a movable main contact (38), first and second fixed main contacts (40a, 40b), a pantograph system (30) for translating a rotational motion of a shaft (22) to a substantially linear motion of the movable main contact. The load tap changer further comprises a link system (10) comprising a gear adapted to be rotated by a motor, a spring battery for storing energy of the motor and a link assembly for coupling the gear to the spring battery. The shaft is coupled to the link assembly to enable the spring battery to rotate the shaft and effect movement of the movable main contact. A predetermined amount of rotation of the shaft effects a movement of the main contact from a contacting position with the first fixed main contact to a contacting position with the second fixed main contact.
Abstract:
An improved arc-resistant switchgear enclosure is disclosed. The disclosed arc-resistant switchgear enclosure provides a cost effective structure to collect and channel the pressure and hot gases through the switchgear enclosure. In preferred embodiments, an internal arc chamber (30') is formed by assembling modules and creating a void within the center of the switchgear enclosure. As multiple compartments or modules (10, 12', 14, 24) for a switchgear enclosure are connected, an arc chamber is created within the enclosure. Upon initiation of an arc fault within a particular compartment, a relief flap (40, 42) or cover (42) for that particular compartment opens to channel the pressure and the gases into the internal arc chamber or directly through the top of the enclosure (100). Pressures and gases are vented into the internal arc chamber and flow horizontally through the arc chamber until a path to the top of the switchgear enclosure is reached. These pressures and hot gases are then channeled upward and safely out of the switchgear enclosure. Also disclosed is a ventilation system for an arc-resistant switchgear enclosure that provides natural ventilation while preventing any arc gases from entering the lower, ventilated compartment or compartments. This ventilation system permits the proper venting of pressurized gases originating in the lower ventilated compartment or compartments.
Abstract:
A process for making an insulated conductor in accordance with the present invention includes extruding an insulative material onto a conductor and subsequently rolling the insulative material on the conductor to a prescribed thickness. The extruding step comprises extruding the insulative material to a thickness of about 0.0025 inch to about 0.0035 inch, and the rolling step comprises rolling the insulative material to a thickness of about 0.00125 to about 0.00315 inch.