Abstract:
Multi-mode waveguide filters are temperature compensated using dielectric material (8, 10) contained within a dual mode cavity (2) of a filter. The variation in operating frequency of the filter that would otherwise result from changes in temperature is substantially balanced by a change in operating frequency with temperature caused by a change in a dielectric constant of the dielectric material (8, 10) so that the operating frequency of the filter remains substantially constant with temperature. In a method of constructing and compensating a filter, the amount of dielectric material (8, 10) is selected so that the dielectric material does not resonate at the operating frequency of the cavity (2), the amount of dielectric material in the cavity being adjustable after each cavity is constructed. The cavity is operated with a fixed amount of dielectric material contained in the cavity for each mode and the change in operating frequency of the filter with temperature is determined. If the change in operating frequency of the filter is not at an acceptable level, the amount of dielectric material contained in the cavity for each mode is varied and the filter is operated through a range of temperatures to determine whether the change in operating frequency is then at an acceptable level. These steps are repeated until the change in operating frequency of the filter is at an acceptable level. When the change in operating frequency of the filter with temperature is at an acceptable level, these filters can be used in satellites without a temperature control system.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a high power high temperature superconductive (HTS) circuit (2) for use in various microwave devices including filters, dielectric resonator filters, multiplexers, transmission lines, delay lines, hybrids and beam-forming networks. The circuit (2), for example a microstrip line, comprises an HTS film (4) on a substrate (6), beneath which is a ground plate (8). On top of each outer edge (12) of the HTS film is deposited a thin film (14) of gold or other highly conductive metal. The use of these films (14) in a part or parts of a microwave circuit reduces the current density in those parts compared to the level of current density if only HTS film (4) is used. This increases the power handling capability of the circuit (2).
Abstract:
An improved design for microwave bandpass cavity filters wherein dielectric resonator elements are mounted in dielectric blocks (there can be more than one resonator element per dielectric block). The dielectric blocks are in turn fitted within the filter housing, and the open ends are covered by shorting plates which are maintained in contact with each resonator surface. The shorting plates may be coated with a superconductive material. The structure results in significant size reduction over prior art filters. In addition, the new design is of higher structural integrity and helps to maintain a consistent output over a wide range of temperatures. By carefully choosing the dielectric materials to insure uniform thermal expansion of the component parts, the filter output is stable over a wide range of temperatures. This allows the filters to be tuned while at cryogenic temperatures, then returned to room temperature for storage or shipping, and finally return to cryogenic temperatures for operating purposes. The filters can be constructed with various configurations and can be operated in single mode, dual-mode, triple-mode, etc.
Abstract:
C-, T- and S-switches have a connector or reed (216,220) in each conducting path. The connector or reed contains a support (230) for a permanent magnet (224, 228). All of the magnets (224, 228) of the connectors (216, 220) have the same polarity. The connectors, supports (230) and permanent reed magnets in the supports are contained within an RF cavity housing (204), which is completely sealed from an actuator (208). The actuator has a circular shape and contains permanent magnets (236, 238) that correspond in their configuration to the reed magnets of the housing. At least two magnets of the actuator have different polarities. The actuator can be rotated by a motor (210) to two or more positions. In one position, one or more of the reed magnets are attracted and one or more of the reed magnets are attracted and one or more of the reed magnets are repelled. The switch is designed so that when a reed magnet is attracted, the conducting path in which the connector is located is interrupted and when a reed magnet is repelled, the conducting path is connected. Previous switches are more expensive to manufacture and more complex, thereby increasing the likelihood of premature failure. Previous switches do not have a housing that is completely sealed from an actuator.
Abstract:
A multiplexer (102) can be operated in the TE 01δ or HE 11δ modes, each channel of the multiplexer has one bandpass filter, with each filter usually having a plurality of cavities (41,51). One cavity of each filter is a common cavity (51) with all of the other filters of the multiplexer. The common cavity (51) contains one independent dielectric quarter-cut or half-cut image resonator (14,15) for each filter representing a channel of the multiplexer. Each resonator (11-18) is mounted on a suitable support. The common cavity (51) provide a common junction and contains a loop coupling (61) to couple electromagnetic energy between the various channels. The multiplexer has at least one input (31) and at least one output (31).
Abstract:
Disclosed are systems for transmitting and receiving a radio frequency (RF) signal and an optical signal. One system may include a communication terminal comprising a primary concave reflector providing a first focal length to a focal point, and a secondary concave reflector providing a second focal length to the focal point. The communication terminal may further comprise an optical transceiver facing the secondary concave reflector, and one or more RF transceivers facing the primary concave reflector. The optical transceiver may be configured to transmit and receive the optical signal via the primary and secondary concave reflectors through the focal point, and the one or more RF transceivers may be configured to transmit and receive the RF signal via the primary concave reflector. The one or more RF transceivers may be positioned adjacent to the focal point and offset from a path of the optical signal.
Abstract:
An optical system includes a plurality of internal apertures, a plurality of external optical assemblies and a telescope assembly positioned between the plurality of internal apertures and the plurality of external optical assemblies. Each internal aperture is operable to receive a corresponding aperture-specific optical signal. Each external optical assembly corresponds to one of the internal apertures, and each external optical assembly is operable to direct the aperture-specific optical signal of the corresponding internal aperture in a corresponding external direction. The external direction for each external optical assembly is independently controllable and the telescope assembly defines a shared optical train arranged to direct the aperture-specific optical signals between each internal aperture and the corresponding external optical assembly.
Abstract:
An apparatus (100) for optical pointing is disclosed. The apparatus comprises a telescope (120, 122, 124, 126), a transmission prism (114) rotatably coupled to the telescope, and a rotatable mechanism (132, 136) operatively coupled to the telescope. The transmission prism is configured to rotate around a first rotation axis (116), and the rotatable mechanism is configured to rotate around a second rotation axis (144) that is different than the first rotation axis.
Abstract:
A bandpass filter has a plurality of resonant cavities. The plurality of resonant cavities are arranged into a sequence of adjacent resonant cavities. Each resonant cavity is configured to define the same fundamental resonant frequency. The filter includes a plurality of coupling irises, with one of the coupling irises positioned between each pair of adjacent resonant cavities. Each resonant cavity includes a plurality of cavity sections. Each resonant cavity includes a capacitive iris positioned coupling the cavity sections to one another. The frequency of secondary resonance modes varies amongst the resonant cavities in the plurality of resonant cavities.