公开(公告)号：WO2007002657A1

公开(公告)日：2007-01-04

申请号：PCT/US2006/024955

申请日：2006-06-27

Applicant: U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY ,  DAVIS, Allen ,  PIASIO, Roger, N. ,  PALIN, William, J. ,  PIASIO, Eric, R. ,  REINEMANN, Bruce, C.

Inventor： DAVIS, Allen ,  PIASIO, Roger, N. ,  PALIN, William, J. ,  PIASIO, Eric, R. ,  REINEMANN, Bruce, C.

IPC: G01N33/53

CPC classification number: G01N33/558 ,  G01N33/54393 ,  Y10S435/805 ,  Y10S435/97 ,  Y10S436/81 ,  Y10T436/10 ,  Y10T436/108331

Abstract: Provided are methods comprising the use of non-sugar organic compatible solutes for protection and preservation of the activity of biologically active molecules and conjugate labels. The methods are particularly adaptable for use in conjunction with immunoassays, such as for example, immunochromatographic test assays and may be incorporated into any test methodology wherein a dry test strip is used as a carrier for depositing, mobilizeable and/or immobilized biologically active molecules and/or conjugate labels.

Abstract translation: 提供的方法包括使用非糖有机相容性溶质来保护和保存生物活性分子和缀合物标记物的活性。 所述方法特别适用于与免疫测定结合使用，例如免疫色谱测试测定，并且可以并入到任何测试方法中，其中使用干试纸作为用于沉积，可移动和/或固定的生物活性分子的载体， /或缀合标记。

公开(公告)号：WO2006115472A1

公开(公告)日：2006-11-02

申请号：PCT/US2005/013532

申请日：2005-04-20

Applicant: GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, as represented by the administrator of the U.S. environmental protection agency ,  GRAY, Charles, L., Jr.

Inventor： GRAY, Charles, L., Jr.

IPC: F01B3/10 ,  F04B1/32 ,  F04B1/20 ,  F01B3/00

CPC classification number: F04B1/328 ,  F04B1/2021 ,  F04B1/2064 ,  F04B1/2071

Abstract: A bent axis pump/motor includes a back plate positioned within a casing, and a check valve positioned in the back-plate, the check valve configured to control passage of fluid from within the casing to an interior of the back plate. A yoke, coupled to the back plate, includes trunnions, positioned within respective apertures in the casing, upon which the yoke rotates. Bearings, occupying less than the complete circumference of the respective trunnion, are positioned between each of the trunnions and respective inner walls of the apertures. Trunnion apertures, for passage of fluid, are positioned in a portion of the circumference not occupied by the respective bearing. A valve positioned within the casing selectively couples high- and low-pressure fluid to the trunnions. Fluid supply channels, formed integrally with the casing, transmit fluid from the valve to the trunnions via fluid apertures provided within the apertures in the casing.

Abstract translation: 弯曲轴泵/马达包括位于壳体内的后板和位于后板中的止回阀，该止回阀被配置为控制流体从壳体内通向背板的内部。 耦合到背板的磁轭包括位于壳体内的相应孔内的耳轴，磁轭旋转在其上。 占据小于相应耳轴的整个圆周的轴承位于孔的每个耳轴和相应的内壁之间。 用于通过流体的耳轴孔定位在圆周的不被相应轴承占据的部分中。 位于壳体内的阀选择性地将高压和低压流体耦合到耳轴。 与壳体一体形成的流体供应通道通过设置在壳体中的孔内的流体孔将流体从阀传递到耳轴。

公开(公告)号：WO2006007465A3

公开(公告)日：2006-01-19

申请号：PCT/US2005/021946

申请日：2005-06-21

Applicant: U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

Inventor： GRAY, Charles, L., Jr.

IPC: F02D41/04 ,  F02M25/07

Abstract: A low emission, direct injection, compression ignition, internal combustion engine operates with reduced charge-air oxygen concentration levels to control localized peak combustion temperatures and reduce NOx formation. Low cetane fuel, below 43 cetane, and most preferably with a cetane rating below 30, is utilized with the combustion system to reduce smoke and PM formation simultaneously with the reduced NOx formation. In a preferred embodiment, FCC Naptha fuel, with a cetane rating below 30 and an end boiling point below 120 degrees Celsius, is used with the combustion system together with the reduced charge-air oxygen concentration levels to produce engine-out NOx emissions of 0.2 g/bhp-hr or lower, and PM emissions at 0.01 g/bhp-hr or lower, without the need for NOx (and potentially PM) aftertreatment. Potential commercial applications of the fuel and combustion system are discussed, including application to vehicle fleets, with novel methods of operating a vehicle fleet (and of providing fuel to such fleets) to meet motor vehicle emissions regulations at a reduced cost also being disclosed.

公开(公告)号：WO2005032875A1

公开(公告)日：2005-04-14

申请号：PCT/US2004/028729

申请日：2004-09-03

Applicant: GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, as represented by the administrator of THE U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY ,  GRAY, Charles, L., Jr.

Inventor： GRAY, Charles, L., Jr.

IPC: B60K6/04

CPC classification number: B60W20/13 ,  B60K5/08 ,  B60K6/46 ,  B60L11/123 ,  B60L2240/12 ,  B60W10/06 ,  B60W10/08 ,  B60W10/26 ,  B60W20/00 ,  Y02T10/6217 ,  Y02T10/6286 ,  Y02T10/7005 ,  Y02T10/7022 ,  Y02T10/7077 ,  Y10T477/20 ,  Y10T477/23 ,  Y10T477/24 ,  Y10T477/26

Abstract: The invention is directed toward methods for operating a series hybrid vehicle in a manner that responds to the operator's demand for power output, while maximizing engine efficiency and minimizing disruptions in vehicle drivability. According to the present invention, when the driver of a series hybrid vehicle makes a demand for power output, whether the secondary power source(s) (12) is supplied with secondary energy stored in an energy storage device(s) (14), direct input energy generated by an engine(s) (16), or both, depends on the amount of available secondary energy stored in the vehicle's secondary storage device(s) alone, and in combination with vehicle speed. During the time that the engine is used to generate secondary energy, the power efficiency level at which the engine is operated also depends on the vehicle speed and the amount of available secondary energy stored in the vehicle's secondary storage device alone, and in combination with vehicle speed.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及以响应操作者对动力输出的需求的方式来操作串联混合动力车辆的方法，同时最大化发动机效率并最小化车辆驾驶性能的破坏。 根据本发明，当串联混合动力车辆的驾驶员对功率输出的需求时，是否向二次电源（12）提供存储在能量存储装置（14）中的二次能量， 由发动机（16）或两者产生的直接输入能量取决于存储在车辆二次存储装置中的可用二次能量的量，并且与车辆速度相结合。 在发动机用于产生二次能量的时间期间，发动机运转的功率效率水平还取决于车辆速度和单独存储在车辆二次存储装置中的可用次级能量的量，并且与车辆 速度。

公开(公告)号：WO2005014324A2

公开(公告)日：2005-02-17

申请号：PCT/US2004/019274

申请日：2004-06-16

Applicant: GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, as represented by THE ADMINISTRATOR OF THE U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY ,  GRAY, Charles, L., Jr.

Inventor： GRAY, Charles, L., Jr.

IPC: B60K6/12

CPC classification number: F16H61/452 ,  B60K6/12 ,  B60K17/10 ,  B60K26/02 ,  B60W10/04 ,  B60W10/10 ,  B60W30/18 ,  B60W2540/10 ,  B60W2710/1005 ,  B60W2710/105 ,  F04B1/22 ,  F04B1/24 ,  F04B1/328 ,  F04B23/06 ,  F16H61/4096 ,  F16H61/44 ,  F16H61/448 ,  F16H2039/005 ,  F16H2200/0034 ,  Y02T10/6208

Abstract: Two motors are arranged on opposing sides of a common shaft, drive plates of the pump/motors being rigidly coupled to each other, for example by being in hard contact with opposing sides of the shaft. By providing hard contact between the pump/motor drive plates and a common shaft, the drive plates and shaft act as a substantially solid element under compression, thereby substantially canceling axial loads generated by the pump/motors directly through the shaft. Residual axial loads are handled via bearings positioned on the shaft adjacent the drive plates in such a manner that the drive plates are in light contact only with the bearings. As a result, friction experienced by the bearings is substantially reduced as compared to conventional systems, thereby improving the efficiency of the system. To further reduce loads on the bearings, the pump/motors are arranged to ensure that they generate radial forces in a direction that is opposite to that of a separation force generated by a torque transferring device carried on the shaft and transmitted to the bearings. A common housing surrounding the two pump/motors, bearings and torque transferring device is divided into three regions, to segregate the bearings and torque transferring assembly from the pump/motors. In this manner, the regions containing the pump/motors are substantially filled with oil to, for example, fully lubricate the pump/motors, while the central region containing the gears and torque transferring device contains a significantly smaller volume of oil to simply splash lubricate the contents of the region, thereby reducing drag on the bearings. Control means are provided for selectively moving the two pump/motors substantially simultaneously to a selected displacement angle, using mechanical systems alone and in combination with hydraulic systems.

Abstract translation: 两个电动机布置在公共轴的相对侧上，泵/电动机的驱动板例如通过与轴的相对侧硬接触而彼此刚性地联接。 通过在泵/马达驱动板和公共轴之间提供硬接触，驱动板和轴作为压缩下的基本上实心的元件，从而基本上消除了泵/马达直接通过轴产生的轴向载荷。 残余轴向载荷通过位于与驱动板相邻的轴上的轴承来处理，使得驱动板仅与轴承轻微接触。 结果，与常规系统相比，轴承所经历的摩擦力大大降低，从而提高了系统的效率。 为了进一步减少轴承上的负载，泵/电动机被布置成确保它们产生径向力，该方向与由承载在轴上并传递到轴承的转矩传递装置产生的分离力的方向相反。 围绕两个泵/马达，轴承和扭矩传递装置的共同壳体被分为三个区域，以将轴承和扭矩传递组件与泵/马达隔离。 以这种方式，包含泵/马达的区域基本上填充有油，以例如完全润滑泵/马达，而包含齿轮和扭矩传递装置的中心区域包含明显较小体积的油以简单地飞溅润滑 该区域的内容物，从而减少轴承上的阻力。 提供控制装置，用于使用机械系统单独并与液压系统组合，将两个泵/马达基本上同时地移动到选定的位移角。

公开(公告)号：WO2004109077A3

公开(公告)日：2004-12-16

申请号：PCT/US2004/011102

申请日：2004-04-13

Applicant: U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

Inventor： SUN, Ruonan ,  HELLMANN, Karl, H. ,  GRAY, Charles, L., Jr.

IPC: F02F1/00

Abstract: An internal combustion engine is adapted for operation with homogeneous combustion and compression ignition. The engine includes plural cylinders with the piston in each cylinder defining the main combustion chamber and connected to a crankshaft for reciprocating motion rotatably driving the crankshaft. An auxiliary combustion chamber and an inlet passage are formed in the engine head for each of the cylinders with a control valve for controlling communication between the main combustion chamber and the auxiliary combustion chamber and an inlet valve for controlling communication between the main combustion chamber and the inlet passage. The inlet valve is driven with rotation of the crankshaft, while the drive for the combustion control valve is independent of angular position of the crankshaft and has its own controller for timing its opening and closing to provide controlled homogeneous combustion.

公开(公告)号：WO1997013974A1

公开(公告)日：1997-04-17

申请号：PCT/US1996015496

申请日：1996-09-27

Applicant: U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

Inventor： U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY ,  GRAY, Charles, L., Jr. ,  HELLMAN, Karl, H.

IPC: F02F01/00

CPC classification number: F02B23/101 ,  F02B23/0603 ,  F02B23/0627 ,  F02B23/0696 ,  F02B75/02 ,  F02B2075/125 ,  F02B2275/40 ,  Y02T10/123 ,  Y02T10/125

Abstract: A method of operation of an internal combustion engine to minimize NOx emission in the exhaust gas involving the detection of the load on the vehicle engine as either a low load or a high load. When a low load is detected, unthrottled air and a quantity of fuel providing for a lean combustion condition are mixed with the injection (4) of fuel adjacent top dead center during the compression stroke. When a high load condition is detected, throttled air and a quantity of fuel governed by the sensed oxygen content of the exhaust gas are mixed in an approximately stoichiometric ratio with the injection (4) at a much earlier time than the injection at low load, preferably during the intake stroke.

Abstract translation: 一种内燃机的操作方法，用于使废气中的NOx排放最小化，包括在低负载或高负荷下检测车辆发动机上的负载。 当检测到低负载时，在压缩冲程期间将未节流的空气和提供贫燃燃烧状态的燃料量与邻近上止点的燃料喷射（4）混合。 当检测到高负载状况时，以比低负荷下的喷射更早的时间，以与化学计量比近似的化学计量比将节流的空气和由感测到的废气的氧含量所控制的燃料量混合， 优选在进气冲程期间。

公开(公告)号：WO2011133344A2

公开(公告)日：2011-10-27

申请号：PCT/US2011/031806

申请日：2011-04-08

Applicant: U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY ,  GRAY, Charles, L.

Inventor： GRAY, Charles, L.

IPC: B60W10/30 ,  B60W20/00 ,  B60K6/22

CPC classification number: B60K6/12 ,  B60W10/04 ,  B60W10/06 ,  B60W50/038 ,  F15B1/024 ,  F15B1/033 ,  F15B20/002 ,  F15B20/004 ,  F15B20/008 ,  F15B2211/20553 ,  F15B2211/212 ,  F15B2211/8626 ,  F15B2211/87 ,  F15B2211/8752 ,  F15B2211/8755 ,  F16H61/4192 ,  F16H61/421 ,  F16H61/439 ,  Y02T10/6208 ,  Y02T10/6282

Abstract: Fail-safe methods for utilizing an over-center pump/motor in a hydraulic hybrid vehicle are disclosed. A high-pressure fluid shutoff valve and an optional electrically or manually operated valve are additionally provided as means to ensure disconnection of the high pressure source in the event of a failure. Displacement stroke position and pressure differentials across the pump/motor are continually monitored. On detection of various modes of failure or irregularity in control of displacement, actions are taken including any of: the high pressure and low pressure accumulators are shut off automatically or manually, a check valve between the high and low pressure ports of the pump/motor is activated, and a small amount of pressurized fluid is released from the high pressure circuit to depressurize the captive fluid. Safe startup and shutdown procedures are also specified. The system provides for safe operation of a hydraulic hybrid vehicle that includes an engine pump and drive motor, at least one of which operates over-center. The system optionally provides a displacement control valve that is controlled by feedback from an actuator or displacement position sensor and that on loss of electric power to the displacement control valve will cause the controlled pump/motor to stroke to a zero displacement position.

Abstract translation: 公开了在液压混合动力车辆中利用超中心泵/电动机的故障安全方法。 另外提供高压流体截止阀和可选择的电动或手动操作阀作为在发生故障时确保高压源断开的装置。 持续监控泵/马达的位移行程位置和压力​​差。 在检测各种失效模式或排量控制不规则的情况下，采取以下措施：高压和低压蓄能器自动或手动关闭，泵/电机的高压端口和低压端口之间的止回阀 被激活，并且少量加压流体从高压回路释放以使捕获流体减压。 还指定了安全启动和关闭程序。 该系统提供了包括发动机泵和驱动电动机的液压混合动力车辆的安全操作，其中至少一个运行在中心以上。 该系统可选地提供一个位移控制阀，该位移控制阀由来自致动器或位移传感器的反馈控制，并且在位移控制阀的电力损失将导致受控的泵/电动机行程到零位移位置。

公开(公告)号：WO2011112663A2

公开(公告)日：2011-09-15

申请号：PCT/US2011/027667

申请日：2011-03-09

Applicant: U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY ,  HAUGEN, David, J.

Inventor： HAUGEN, David, J.

IPC: B60K6/12 ,  B60W20/00 ,  B60K6/22

CPC classification number: F16H61/4096 ,  B60K6/12 ,  Y02T10/6208 ,  Y02T10/6282 ,  Y10T137/7837

Abstract: A shut off valve is configured to shut off flow from the high pressure fluid line to the high pressure accumulator in a series hydraulic hybrid vehicle in order to quickly raise system pressure in the high pressure fluid line and enable additional torque output from the hydraulic motor for vehicle propulsion. A pressure relief valve is further provided to vent excess flow from the high pressure line to the high pressure accumulator as needed to avoid exceeding a maximum desired system pressure in the high pressure fluid line, thereby providing for safe and efficient hydrostatic operation in the vehicle.

Abstract translation: 关闭阀构造成在高压液压混合动力车辆中切断从高压流体管路到高压蓄能器的流动，以便快速地提高高压流体管线中的系统压力，并使来自液压马达的附加扭矩输出 车辆推进。 进一步提供一个泄压阀，以根据需要排出从高压管路到高压蓄能器的过量流量，以避免超过高压流体管路中的最大期望系统压力，从而提供在车辆中安全和有效的静水压运行。

公开(公告)号：WO2011037612A2

公开(公告)日：2011-03-31

申请号：PCT/US2010/002561

申请日：2010-09-20

Applicant: U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY ,  GRAY, Charles, L.

Inventor： GRAY, Charles, L.

IPC: F15B13/02 ,  F15B11/02 ,  F16K1/22 ,  F16K31/52 ,  F16K11/00

CPC classification number: G05D7/0641 ,  Y10T137/0318 ,  Y10T137/0396 ,  Y10T137/7771 ,  Y10T137/778 ,  Y10T137/7878 ,  Y10T137/7898 ,  Y10T137/7906 ,  Y10T137/877

Abstract: A hydraulic manifold has features adapted to the needs of hybrid vehicle applications. In one embodiment, multifunction valves selectively regulate fluid flow among primary and auxiliary flow paths. A normally closed butterfly valve is biased by a relatively small secondary biasing force against rotation in first and second (opposite) directions, and by a relatively large principal biasing force against rotation in the first direction past a transitional angular position at which the principal biasing force takes effect. An actuator selectively controls the transitional angular position and the magnitude of the principal biasing force. In the first direction, flow must overcome only the secondary biasing force to pass the valve. In the second direction, any flow sufficient to overcome the secondary biasing force but not the principal biasing force will divide into a first flow passing the valve and a second flow induced to enter an auxiliary path upstream. Additional flow causing the principal biasing force to additionally be overcome will substantially pass the valve as part of the first flow. This and other embodiments provide a manifold that is controllable to allocate flow among primary and auxiliary paths while remaining responsive to sudden large changes in flow independently of immediate control response.

Abstract translation: 液压歧管具有适合混合动力汽车应用的需要的特征。 在一个实施例中，多功能阀选择性地调节主要和辅助流动路径之间的流体流动。 常闭蝶阀通过相对较小的次级偏压力被抵抗第一和第二（相反）方向上的旋转，并且通过相对较大的主偏压力抵抗第一方向上的旋转超过过渡角位置，在该过渡角位置处，主偏压力 生效。 致动器选择性地控制过渡角位置和主偏置力的大小。 在第一个方向，流动只能克服次级偏压力来通过阀门。 在第二方向上，足以克服二次偏压力而不是主要偏压力的任何流动将分成通过阀的第一流和被引导进入辅助通道上游的第二流。 另外克服主要偏压力的额外流动将基本上通过作为第一流动的一部分的阀。 本实施例和其它实施例提供了可控制的歧管，以在主路径和辅助路径之间分配流量，同时保持响应于独立于即时控制响应的突然的大流量变化。