Abstract:
A method for generating stepper motor ramps and analyzing the motor torque required compared with the motor torque available wherein the generated ramp will accelerate the motor as fast as possible while maintaining a user settable torque safety factor and/or safety margin. The method uses the minimum available stepper motor torque at the current motor speed to ultimately compute the maximum acceleration that can be used, uses the maximum acceleration to generate the next motor step time and hence the next motor velocity, computes the next velocity from the desired acceleration and the previous velocity and takes advantage of the fact that friction will help during deceleration of the motor. In particular, the method comprises the steps of determining the minimum available torque using the current motor velocity and the torque-speed characteristic of the motor, applying to the available torque a safety factor and then a safety margin to determine maximum usable torque wherein the safety factor is derived from motor information and the safety margin is derived from system information, calculating the maximum acceleration using the friction and moment of inertia of the system and the maximum usable motor torque, calculating the time duration of the next step for advancing the motor, repeating the foregoing steps to determine all steps in the ramps, and utilizing the generated motor ramps in advancing the stepper motor. The generated ramp always exploits the full drive capability of the stepper motor, and it provides a relatively constant margin between available torque and required torque during both acceleration and deceleration of the motor.
Abstract:
One selector embodiment of the present invention selects recorded entities of the type that are stored on a portable recording medium that is insertable into a player with each recorded entity being accessed for playback by a unique sequence of signals. An index sheet is provided with a plurality of visual representations thereon, with each visual representation corresponding to each of the entities stored on the portable recording medium. A transparent overlay is positioned over the index sheet for generating signals corresponding to an operator touching the transparent overlay at the location of a selected visual representation of the stored entity desired to be played back. A sequencer that is responsive to the generated signals converts the generated signals to the unique sequence of signals for causing the player to playback a selected recorded entity. Some other embodiments include a remote handheld unit that is integrated with a transparent overlay; a non-integrated transparent overlay; and a switch matrix that is positioned below the index sheet rather than over the index sheet.
Abstract:
An element, such as a lens, is mounted on an element holder, such as a lens holder, so as to be constrained with a clearance-free, exact centering fit. The element has three radial faces spaced 120° apart with respect to the center of the element, and the element holder has three abutments spaced 120° apart with respect to a center point about which the abutments are distributed. Upon seating the element in the element holder with the radial faces and abutments in engagement, the element is constrained with the center points of the element and element holder in alignment. The radial faces and abutments are held in engagement by a retainer which also holds the element on the element holder. In accordance with one embodiment of the invention, the element is a plastic lens, and the element holder is a lens barrel, the lens being retained with clearance within the lens barrel by a retaining ring. Since the lens is engaged radially, rather than peripherally, the lens is free to expand and contract radially within the barrel.
Abstract:
A composition comprising an admixture of (A) a copoly (arylene sulfide) corresponding to the structure [(-A-S-)1-x(-A-S-S-)x]n wherein (A) is a divalent substituted or unsubstituted aromatic radical, x is in the range of 0.5 to 0.001 and n is at least 25, and (B) a polyamide corresponding to general structure (I) or to general structure (II).
Abstract:
The secondary quantization of a plurality of signals such as scanner signals quantized in a colorimetric coordinate system for the modified spectral response of a display device. The secondary quantization reflects the nonlinear human response to color. Two embodiments of the secondary quantization method are presented. The first method is a global cost reduction approach and the second is a method that diffuses the visual costs equally into each secondary quantization level or bin.
Abstract:
In an electrotatographic printer and/or copier, toner images are transferred from the outer surface of a rotating image process drum (1) to a receiver sheet carried on the outersurface of a rotating trnsfer drum (5) as the respective drum surfaces pass through a transfer zone defined by a nip between the drums. To assure precise registration of the transferred toner image with a desired portion of the receiver sheet, position control apparatus (50) is provided for adjusting the angular position of the transfer drum relative to that of the process drum (1) as the transfer drum (5) rotates to present the receiver sheet to the image transfer zone. Such apparatus responds to a control signal representing variations, from nominal, in the position of the toner image on the process drum (1) and/or in the position of the receiver sheet on the transfer drum (5). The position control apparatus (50) of the invention is particularly useful in color electrostatographic systems for precisely registering multiple color separation images on a receiver sheet.
Abstract:
In the present invention each input pixel value is compared against a randomly selected threshold value to provide an output pixel having a value indicative of which of the values is greater. The threshold value is selected from one of a plurality of threshold matrices, each having a predetermined number of threshold values that are arranged in a pattern with the values for a base matrix being increased by an increment for each succeeding one of the plurality of threshold matrices. The selection of the one threshold matrix is made by means of a pseudo-random number generator.
Abstract:
Negative-working lithographic printing plates comprise a radiation-sensitive composition having incorporated therein a photocrosslinkable polymer, containing the photosensitive group (I) as an integral part of the polymer backbone, and a print-out composition which produces an optical density difference upon exposure to activating radiation and thereby enables the exposed image on the printing plate to be seen before the plate is processed. The print-out composition comprises a leuco form of a dye having one or more removable hydrogen atoms, the removal of which forms a compound colored differently from the leuco form; a photo-oxidant which has a photoscissionable nitrogen-oxygen bond, the photo-oxidant serving to convert the leuco dye to the differently colored form when the composition is exposed to activating radiation; and a heteroaromatic amine N-oxide which functions to improve the photo-efficiency of the print-out composition and thereby increase the print-out density.
Abstract:
A calibration method and apparatus is disclosed that includes a power stabilized laser diode to generate a laser beam that is passed through the hologon scanner to be calibrated and a mechanism for measuring the power intensity of the laser beam at a plurality of positions at an exposure plane for each facet of the hologon scanner. The measured light levels are converted to correction factors that are stored in a corresponding programmable read only memory (PROM) as a function of facet number and scan position. The hologon scanner and its corresponding programmable PROM are then installed in a laser scanning apparatus. The laser scanning apparatus adjusts the output of its light source in accordance with the correction factors stored in the PROM in order to compensate for variations in the light transmission efficiency of the facets of the hologon scanner.
Abstract:
Novel polyethylene compositions comprising a blend of a polyethylene component having defined properties, a specific quantity of defined tackifying resins and defined quantities of thermally sensitive additives are disclosed. In addition, process for extrusion coating at high speeds and relatively low extrusion coating temperatures employing invention compositions is disclosed.