Abstract:
A method of pulsed laser processing of solid surface for enhancing surface hydrophobicity is disclosed wherein the solid surface is covered with a transparent medium during laser processing and the laser beam incidents through the covering medium and irradiates the solid surface. Two effects are obtained simultaneously. One is the laser-induced texture formation directly under the laser irradiation. The other is the deposition of the laser-removed materials along the laser scan lines. Both effects introduce surface roughness on nanometer scales, and both enhance surface hydrophobicity, rendering superhydrophobicity on the surfaces of both the laser-irradiated solid and the covering medium. Because the beam scan line spacing can be larger than a single scan line width by multiple times, this method provides a high processing speed of square inch per minute and enables large area processing.
Abstract:
Metallic workpieces of diverse shapes having work surfaces which are deformed at the surface and adjacent sub-surface layers by surface impact from ultrasonic transducers employing freely axially moving impacting elements propelled and energized by a transducer oscillating surface vibrating periodically at an ultrasonic frequency. The impacting elements are propelled in a random aperiodic and controlled impact mode at different phases of the periodic oscillation cycles. The transducer may be portable and provides a series of mechanically interconnected stages having mechanical resonances harmonically related as a multiple of the primary ultrasonic frequency and have matched stage resistances under instantaneous loading when the impact elements are driven by the transducer oscillating surface into the surface of the workpiece. This mode of operation produces Q-factor amplification of the input ultrasonic power oscillator energy at the impact needles and high propulsion velocities making it possible to machine metallic workpiece bodies to greater depths for compressing the metal to increase compressive strength of the workpiece work surfaces to substantially the ultimate material strength. The impact machining is done at ambient temperatures.
Abstract:
Ball-and-roller bearing parts are alloyed with alloyed with 0.6% to 1.3% by weight of C, 0.3% to 3.0% by weight of Si, 0.2% to 1.5% by weight of Mn, 0.03% by weight or less of P, 0.03% by weight or less of S, 0.3% to 5.0% by weight of Cr, 0.1% to 3.0% by weight of Ni, 0.050% by weight or less of Al, 0.003% by weight or less of Ti, 0.0015% by weight or less of O, and 0.015% by weight or less of N with the remainder being made up of Fe and inevitable impurities. The part has a nitrogen-enriched layer. The austenite crystals of the steel have a grain size number of greater than 10.
Abstract:
A method for refining the grain size of alloys which undergo ferromagnetic to paramagnetic phase transformation and an alloy produced therefrom. By subjecting the alloy to a timed application of a strong magnetic field, the temperature of phase boundaries can be shifted enabling phase transformations at lower temperatures.
Abstract:
A method for refining the grain size of alloys which undergo ferromagnetic to paramagnetic phase transformation and an alloy produced therefrom. By subjecting the alloy to a timed application of a strong magnetic field, the temperature of phase boundaries can be shifted enabling phase transformations at lower temperatures.
Abstract:
Metallic workpieces of diverse shapes having work surfaces which are deformed at the surface and adjacent sub-surface layers by surface impact from ultrasonic transducers employing freely axially moving impacting elements propelled and energized by a transducer oscillating surface vibrating periodically at an ultrasonic frequency. The impacting elements are propelled in a random aperiodic and controlled impact mode at different phases of the periodic oscillation cycles. The transducer may be portable and provides a series of mechanically interconnected stages having mechanical resonances harmonically related as a multiple of the primary ultrasonic frequency and have matched stage resistances under instantaneous loading when the impact elements are driven by the transducer oscillating surface into the surface of the workpiece. This mode of operation produces Q-factor amplification of the input ultrasonic power oscillator energy at the impact needles and high propulsion velocities making it possible to machine metallic workpiece bodies to greater depths for compressing the metal to increase compressive strength of the workpiece work surfaces to substantially the ultimate material strength. The impact machining is done at ambient temperatures.
Abstract:
A high strength and high ductility low carbon steel having a tensile strength of 800 MPa or more, an uniform elongation of 5% or more, and an elongation to failure of 20% or more which is produced by a method comprising subjecting an ordinary low carbon steel or an ordinary low carbon steel added with boron in an amount being 0.01% or less and effective for accelerating martensitic transformation to processing and heat treatment to prepare a product having coarser size of austenite crystal grains and then to water-quenching, to provide a steel product having a martensite phase in an amount of 90% or more, and subjecting the steel product to a low strain processing, specifically a cold rolling at a total rolling reduction in thickness of 20% or more and less than 80%, and to a low temperature annealing at 500null C. to 600null C., and a method for producing said high strength and high ductility low carbon steel.
Abstract:
A maraging steel strip or part and process for manufacture of a strip or of a part cut out of a strip of cold-rolled maraging steel and hardened by a hardening heat treatment. In the process, before the hardening heat treatment is performed, the strip or the part is subjected to cold plastic deformation with a degree of working greater than 30% and the strip or the part is subjected to recrystallization annealing in order to obtain a fine-grained structure with ASTM index higher than 8. The composition by weight of the maraging steel is: 12%≦Ni≦24.5%; 2.5%≦Mo≦12%; 4.17%≦Co≦20%, Al %≦0.15%; Ti≦0.1%; N≦0.003%; Si≦0.1%; Mn≦0.1%; C≦0.005%; S≦0.001%; P≦0.005%; H≦0.0003%; O≦0.001%; iron and impurities resulting from smelting, the chemical composition also satisfying the relationships: 20%≦Ni+Mo≦27%; 50≦Co×Mo≦200; Ti×N≦2×10−4.
Abstract translation:一种马氏体时效钢带或其制造方法,用于制造由冷轧马氏体时效钢带切割出的钢带或部分切割并通过硬化热处理硬化的部件。 在该过程中,在进行硬化热处理之前,将带材或部件进行冷塑性变形,其加工程度大于30%,并对带材或部件进行再结晶退火, ASTM指数高于8的颗粒结构。马氏体时效钢的重量组成为:12%<= Ni <= 24.5%; 2.5%<= Mo <= 12%; 4.17%<= Co <= 20%,Al%<= 0.15%; Ti <= 0.1%; N <= 0.003%; Si <= 0.1%; Mn <= 0.1%; C <= 0.005%; S <= 0.001%; P <= 0.005%; H <= 0.0003%; O <= 0.001%; 铁和冶炼产生的杂质,化学成分也满足关系:20%<= Ni + Mo <= 27%; 50 <= CoxMo <= 200; TixN <= 2X10 <-4>。
Abstract:
This invention provides methods of treatment for work products of materials such as steel, bronze, plastic, etc. and particularly welded steel bodies by pulse impact energy, preferably ultrasonic, to relax fatigue and aging and extend expectant life. The treatment may occur (a) at original production, (b) during the active life period for maintenance or (c) after failure in a repair stage. The ultrasonic treatment improves the work product strength. In welded products residual stress patterns near the weld sites are relaxed and micro-stress defects such as voids and unusual grain boundaries are reduced. The basic method steps are non-destructive in nature, inducing interior pulse compression waves with ultrasonic transducers and accessory tools impacting an external product surface with enough impulse energy to heat and temporarily plasticize the metal interior and relax stresses. The nature of the work product interior structure being treated is determined by sensing the mechanical movement at the impact surface of the work body to produce feedback frequency and phase signals responsive to input impact signals. These signals automatically conform driving pulse energy frequency and phase to the input transducers to match the mechanical resonance frequency of the working transducers and increase efficiency of energy transfer. Such feedback signals also are available for automated procedures which can improve product quality and consistency.
Abstract:
Ups and downs having a cycle of not more than 5 &mgr;m and an amplitude of not less than 200 nm are formed in a part of not less than 70% per unit length of a prior-austenite grain boundary which is observed in a linear form when seen from a vertical plane by a series of steps of subjecting a steel in a state of austenite to a deformation in not less than 30% of a total area reduction rate at a temperature region which is lower than recrystallization temperature of austenite, and subsequently cooling a deformed steel without causing neither recrystallization nor phase transformation of a diffusion type.