公开(公告)号：US06805815B1

公开(公告)日：2004-10-19

申请号：US09775359

申请日：2001-02-01

Applicant: Rengarajan Soundararajan

Inventor： Rengarajan Soundararajan

IPC: C09K300

CPC classification number: G21F9/36 ,  C08G18/2018 ,  C08G18/542 ,  C08G18/7664 ,  C08K3/08 ,  C09D175/04 ,  F23G5/027 ,  F23G7/003 ,  F23G2201/301 ,  F23G2201/302 ,  F23G2209/18 ,  G21F1/106 ,  G21F9/06 ,  G21F9/30 ,  G21F9/305 ,  G21F9/307 ,  C08L75/04

Abstract: A urethane based polymer composition is provided that exhibits superior shielding properties during and after exposure to high level radiation. The composite is formed by mixing a liquid isocyanate monomer, preferably 4,4′-diisocyanate monomer with a liquid phenolic resin, preferably phenol formaldehyde resin, and a phosphate ester flame retardant. An optional pyridine catalyst may be added to shorten the cure time. The resulting composition cures at room temperature and can be utilized in several manners, including spraying or pouring the composition prior to curing over radioactive material to prevent leakage of radiation. The uncured composite can be sprayed on the walls of a room or container to prevent leakage of radiation and can also be used to contain radiation prior to demolition. The uncured composite can also be molded into bricks or panels for use in construction. In a preferred embodiment, the polymer composition further incorporates radioactive waste, namely depleted uranium oxide, and can be used in conjunction with specially designed containers for storing radioactive material. The resulting polymer/waste composition cures at room temperature and does not deteriorate or suffer structural damage when exposed to higher levels of gamma radiation, nor do the mechanical or chemical properties undergo any detectable change. The composition is resistant to biodegradation and combustion, and does not creep or shrink during thermal cycling.

Abstract translation: 提供了一种聚氨酯基聚合物组合物，其在暴露于高水平辐射期间和之后显示优异的屏蔽性能。 复合材料通过将液体异氰酸酯单体，优选4,4'-二异氰酸酯单体与液体酚醛树脂，优选苯酚甲醛树脂和磷酸酯阻燃剂混合而形成。 可以加入任选的吡啶催化剂以缩短固化时间。 所得组合物在室温下固化并且可以以几种方式使用，包括在固化放射性材料之前喷涂或浇注组合物以防止辐射泄漏。 未固化的复合材料可以喷涂在房间或容器的壁上，以防止辐射泄漏，并且还可以用于在拆除之前容纳辐射。 未固化的复合材料也可以模制成砖或面板用于施工。 在优选的实施方案中，聚合物组合物还包含放射性废物，即贫化铀氧化物，并且可以与用于储存放射性物质的专门设计的容器结合使用。 所得聚合物/废物组合物在室温下固化，并且在暴露于较高水平的γ辐射时不会劣化或遭受结构损伤，机械或化学性质也不会发生任何可检测的变化。 该组合物耐生物降解和燃烧，并且在热循环期间不会蠕变或收缩。

公开(公告)号：US06599118B2

公开(公告)日：2003-07-29

申请号：US10085545

申请日：2002-02-28

Applicant: Sarma V. Pisupati

Inventor： Sarma V. Pisupati

IPC: F23M300

CPC classification number: F23B90/06 ,  F23G5/027 ,  F23G7/05 ,  F23G7/10 ,  F23G2201/302 ,  F23G2201/303 ,  F23G2201/304 ,  F23G2202/103 ,  F23G2202/106

Abstract: There is provided methods and systems for the reduction of nitrogen oxides and carbon loss from carbonaceous fuel combustion flue emissions. The preferred carbonaceous fuel is coal. The invention provides methods and systems comprising the use of coal as a reburn fuel for coal combustion systems. The invention comprises low temperature pyrolysis producing gaseous hydrocarbons for the reduction of nitrogen oxides and treatment of char with resulting reduction of carbon loss.

公开(公告)号：US20020119407A1

公开(公告)日：2002-08-29

申请号：US10085545

申请日：2002-02-28

Applicant: The Penn State Research Foundation

Inventor： Sarma V. Pisupati

IPC: F23L001/00 ,  F23M003/04

CPC classification number: F23B90/06 ,  F23G5/027 ,  F23G7/05 ,  F23G7/10 ,  F23G2201/302 ,  F23G2201/303 ,  F23G2201/304 ,  F23G2202/103 ,  F23G2202/106

Abstract: There is provided methods and systems for the reduction of nitrogen oxides and carbon loss from carbonaceous fuel combustion flue emissions. The preferred carbonaceous fuel is coal. The invention provides methods and systems comprising the use of coal as a reburn fuel for coal combustion systems. The invention comprises low temperature pyrolysis producing gaseous hydrocarbons for the reduction of nitrogen oxides and treatment of char with resulting reduction of carbon loss.

Abstract translation: 提供了从碳质燃料燃烧烟道排放物中还原氮氧化物和碳损失的方法和系统。 优选的碳质燃料是煤。 本发明提供了包括使用煤作为煤燃烧系统的再燃燃料的方法和系统。 本发明包括低温热解产生用于还原氮氧化物的气态烃和炭的处理，从而减少碳损失。

公开(公告)号：US5746142A

公开(公告)日：1998-05-05

申请号：US746641

申请日：1996-11-13

Applicant: Markus Jennebach ,  Joao Augusto Birkhan

Inventor： Markus Jennebach ,  Joao Augusto Birkhan

IPC: B09B3/00 ,  F23G5/027 ,  F23G5/12 ,  F23G5/16 ,  F23G5/24 ,  F23G5/00

CPC classification number: F23G5/16 ,  F23G5/027 ,  F23G5/245 ,  F23G2201/301 ,  F23G2201/302 ,  F23G2900/50002

Abstract: A low-pollutant system for waste materials treatment includes a process chamber for converting organic components of the waste materials into a flammable gas and a two-stage vortex burning chamber for complete combustion of the flammable gas. The vortex burning chamber includes a first substantially-horizontal combustion chamber and a second substantially-vertical combustion chamber disposed at a right angle to each other and communicating therebetween. The first combustion chamber has an inlet portion for receiving the flammable combustion gas from the gas generator means for injecting primary air into the first combustion chamber, thereby forming a mixture of air and the flammable gas and thereby igniting the mixture for partial oxidation thereof. The first combustion chamber has a converging distal portion for discharging the partially-oxidized mixture of air and the flammable gas tangentially into the second combustion chamber, where the gas is mixed with the secondary air which is injected tangentially into the second combustion chamber, thereby substantially completely oxidizing the partially-oxidized mixture of air and the flammable gas. The second combustion chamber has an outlet portion for discharge of the waste gas resulting from the two-stage combustion of the flammable gas and the solids separated from the gas. The system has a pivoting grate with an angled flat roof with slots and paddles; and a coke bed for the cracking of pyrolysis of gases disposed under said roof.

Abstract translation: 用于废料处理的低污染物系统包括用于将废料的有机组分转化为易燃气体的处理室和用于完全燃烧可燃气体的两级涡流燃烧室。 涡流燃烧室包括第一基本上水平的燃烧室和第二基本上垂直的燃烧室，其彼此成直角地设置并且彼此连通。 第一燃烧室具有用于接收来自气体发生器装置的可燃燃烧气体的入口部分，用于将一次空气注入到第一燃烧室中，从而形成空气和可燃气体的混合物，从而点燃混合物以进行部分氧化。 第一燃烧室具有会聚的远端部分，用于将部分氧化的空气和可燃气体的混合物切向地排放到第二燃烧室中，其中气体与被切向注入第二燃烧室的二次空气混合， 完全氧化部分氧化的空气和易燃气体的混合物。 第二燃烧室具有用于排出由可燃气体和与气体分离的固体的两级燃烧产生的废气的出口部分。 该系统具有带有槽和桨的具有倾斜平坦屋顶的枢轴式格栅; 以及用于裂化设置在所述屋顶下方的气体的热解的焦炭床。

公开(公告)号：US20230348788A1

公开(公告)日：2023-11-02

申请号：US17778988

申请日：2020-11-27

Applicant: ROYAL MELBOURNE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Inventor： Kalpit SHAH ,  Kumar Sazal KUNDU ,  Rajnikantbhai Savankumar PATEL ,  David John WINTER

IPC: C10B57/00 ,  C10B57/06 ,  C10B53/00 ,  C02F11/10 ,  B01J8/24 ,  B01J8/18 ,  C01B3/26 ,  F23G5/027

CPC classification number: C10B57/005 ,  C10B57/06 ,  C10B53/00 ,  C02F11/10 ,  B01J8/24 ,  B01J8/1827 ,  C01B3/26 ,  F23G5/027 ,  C01B2203/0277 ,  C01B2203/06 ,  F23G2201/302 ,  F23G2201/303 ,  F23G2206/10 ,  F23G2209/26

Abstract: The invention provides a method of sequential pyrolysis and carbon deposition to produce a composite carbonaceous product, the method comprising: a pyrolysis process step comprising pyrolyzing a pyrolyzable organic feed at a pyrolysis temperature in a first reaction zone in the presence of a non-oxidising gas to produce hot char and pyrolysis gas, wherein the pyrolysis gas and the non-oxidising gas combine to form a gas mixture; discharging the gas mixture from the first reaction zone to a combustion zone and combusting at least a portion of the pyrolysis gas therein, wherein heat produced by the combusting of the pyrolysis gas is transmitted from the combustion zone to the first reaction zone to provide at least a portion of the heat of pyrolysis; and a decomposition process step comprising contacting a hydrocarbon-rich organic gas with the hot char directly after its production in the pyrolysis process step, wherein the hydrocarbon-rich organic gas catalytically decomposes on the hot char at a decomposition temperature which is higher than the pyrolysis temperature, thereby producing gaseous decomposition products comprising hydrogen and a composite carbonaceous material comprising the char with carbon deposits thereon.

公开(公告)号：US10081545B2

公开(公告)日：2018-09-25

申请号：US14888315

申请日：2013-05-03

Applicant: Outotec (Finland) Oy

Inventor： Ludwig Hermann ,  Günter Schneider ,  Dirk Lohrberg

IPC: C01B25/26 ,  F23G5/02 ,  F23G7/00 ,  B01J8/24 ,  C05B17/00 ,  C02F9/00 ,  C02F11/00 ,  C02F11/06 ,  C02F101/20

CPC classification number: C01B25/265 ,  B01J8/24 ,  C02F9/00 ,  C02F11/004 ,  C02F11/06 ,  C02F2101/20 ,  C05B17/00 ,  F23G5/02 ,  F23G7/001 ,  F23G2201/302 ,  F23G2201/303 ,  F23G2209/12 ,  Y02W10/40

Abstract: A process for separating heavy metals from phosphoric starting material comprises the following steps: (i) heating the starting material to a temperature of 600 to 1.200° C. in a first reactor (1) and withdrawing combustion gas; (ii) using the combustion gas of step (i) to preheat an alkaline source; and (iii) transferring the heated starting material of step (i) and the heated alkaline source of step (ii) to a second reactor (20), adding an elemental carbon source, heating to a temperature of 700 to 1.100° C. and withdrawing process gas and a product stream.

公开(公告)号：US20160245508A1

公开(公告)日：2016-08-25

申请号：US15025835

申请日：2014-10-02

Applicant: ENI S.P.A.

Inventor： Felicia MASSETTI ,  Maria Ilaria PISTELLI ,  Medardo PINTI

IPC: F23G7/00 ,  F23G5/44 ,  F23G5/04 ,  C02F11/10 ,  F23G5/027

CPC classification number: F23G7/001 ,  C02F11/06 ,  C02F11/10 ,  C10J3/005 ,  C10J3/60 ,  C10J2200/158 ,  C10J2300/1246 ,  F23G5/006 ,  F23G5/027 ,  F23G5/0273 ,  F23G5/04 ,  F23G5/20 ,  F23G5/46 ,  F23G2201/101 ,  F23G2201/302 ,  F23G2201/303 ,  F23G2201/40 ,  F23G2203/211 ,  F23G2206/10 ,  F23G2209/12 ,  F23G2900/50001 ,  F23G2900/50201 ,  F23G2900/50204 ,  F23G2900/52001 ,  F23G2900/52002 ,  F23G2900/54402 ,  Y02W10/40

Abstract: The present invention relates to reaction equipment for the treatment of organic and/or inorganic waste of refineries or petrochemical plants comprising: •—a drying and pyrolysis device (4) which rotates around its longitudinal, tilted rotation axis (A), •—a gasification device (6) which rotates around its longitudinal, horizontal rotation axis (B), •—a combustion device (14) comprising a burner (13) having a longitudinal horizontal axis (C), •—at least one settling chamber (15) for the collection of intermediate solid residues and the accumulation of intermediate gaseous reaction products, •—at least one outlet duct of the gaseous end-products (16), at least one outlet duct of the solid end-products (7), and at least one inlet duct of the feedstock (2) •—said combustion device (14), drying and pyrolysis device (4), gasification device (6) are physically separated and positioned on three different levels, •—the longitudinal rotation axis (A) of the drying and pyrolysis device (4) is tilted with respect to both the longitudinal rotation axis (B) of the gasification device (6) and also with respect to the longitudinal axis (C) of the combustion device (14), •—the longitudinal rotation axis (B) of the gasification device (6) is parallel to the longitudinal axis (C) of the combustion device (14), •—the combustion device (14) is in fluid communication with the drying and pyrolysis device (4), •—the drying and pyrolysis device (4) comprises, in its interior, a first indirect heat exchange device (3) in which the combustion fumes coming from the combustion device (14) flow, •—at least one settling chamber (15) in fluid communication with said drying and pyrolysis device (4) and with said gasification device (6) and with said combustion device (14), •—conveying means (5) are positioned in the settling chamber (15) and put the drying and pyrolysis device (4) in fluid communication with the gasification device, •—it comprises a second heat exchange device (12) in fluid communication with the first indirect heat exchange device (3) and the combustion device (14), •—it comprises means for the suction of the intermediate gaseous reaction products, said means being positioned in the settling chamber (15).

公开(公告)号：US20150167968A1

公开(公告)日：2015-06-18

申请号：US14566914

申请日：2014-12-11

Applicant: Miklós Somogyi

Inventor： Miklós Somogyi

IPC: F23G7/00

CPC classification number: F23G5/0276 ,  F23G5/46 ,  F23G7/003 ,  F23G7/12 ,  F23G2201/301 ,  F23G2201/302 ,  F23G2201/303 ,  F23G2202/60 ,  F23G2206/10 ,  F23G2206/203 ,  F23G2900/50202 ,  F23G2900/70601 ,  Y02E20/12

Abstract: A process and relating apparatus is provided which aim at producing industrially usable resultants from hydrocarboneous materials such as used rubber, plastic and municipal waste. The waste is subjected to oxygen-free pyrolysis in the presence of zeolite type catalyst during which gaseous and liquid hydrocarbons are produced with the process being tilted towards producing significantly more from the latter. The gaseous and liquid resultants are preferably further used via burning to provide heat for the pyrolysis and via combustion to generate electricity for preferred purposes respectively.

Abstract translation: 提供了一种工艺和相关设备，其目的是从诸如使用过的橡胶，塑料和城市废物的烃类材料生产工业上可用的产物。 废物在沸石型催化剂存在下经受无氧热解，在此期间产生气态和液态烃，该方法倾向于从后者产生明显更多的。 气态和液态产物优选通过燃烧进一步使用，以提供用于热解和通过燃烧的热分别用于优选目的。

公开(公告)号：US09011723B2

公开(公告)日：2015-04-21

申请号：US12737720

申请日：2009-08-10

Applicant: Frank Ernst ,  Albert Obrist

Inventor： Frank Ernst ,  Albert Obrist

IPC: C01B3/02 ,  C04B7/44 ,  F23G5/027 ,  F27D17/00 ,  C10J3/10 ,  F23G5/20

CPC classification number: F27D17/004 ,  C04B7/4407 ,  C04B7/4423 ,  C04B7/4446 ,  C10J3/10 ,  C10J2300/0969 ,  C10J2300/0973 ,  C10J2300/1246 ,  F23G5/0276 ,  F23G5/20 ,  F23G2201/302 ,  F23G2201/303 ,  F23G2900/50204 ,  Y02P20/129 ,  Y02P40/126

Abstract: In a method for treating alternative, carbon-containing, low-caloric waste materials for use in furnace systems, in particular rotary tubular kilns for the production of clinker, the carbon-containing, alternative fuels are subjected to high-temperature gasification under anoxic conditions at temperatures above 1000° C., wherein water, water vapor or CO2 is injected to ensure a reaction forming CO and H2. The waste heat from a clinker cooler is used for the high-temperature gasification.

Abstract translation: 在用于炉系统中用于替代的含碳低热量废料的方法中，特别是用于生产熟料的旋转管状窑中，含碳替代燃料在缺氧条件下进行高温气化 在高于1000℃的温度下，其中注入水，水蒸汽或CO 2以确保形成CO和H 2的反应。 来自熟料冷却器的废热用于高温气化。

公开(公告)号：US20060051720A1

公开(公告)日：2006-03-09

申请号：US10933747

申请日：2004-09-03

Applicant: James Jarrell ,  James Jarrell

Inventor： James Jarrell ,  James Jarrell

IPC: F27B9/02

CPC classification number: F23G5/0276 ,  F23G2201/301 ,  F23G2201/302 ,  F23G2203/8013 ,  F23G2900/54001

Abstract: A method and apparatus for separating a material into its organic and inorganic components are disclosed. The material is heated under negative pressures in the presence of a minimal amount of oxygen to separate into vapor and solid phases. The vapor phase is removed and cooled, and the solid phase is removed and processed. Depending on the material being treated, the method and apparatus can produce fuel and commercial products. The methods and apparatus of the present invention produce little or no air emissions and conserve energy.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种用于将材料分离成其有机和无机组分的方法和设备。 在极少量的氧存在下，将该材料在负压下加热以分离成蒸汽和固相。 除去气相并冷却，除去固体相并进行处理。 根据待处理的材料，该方法和设备可以产生燃料和商业产品。 本发明的方法和装置几乎不产生或不产生空气排放并节约能量。