Abstract:
This document describes biochemical pathways for producing adipic acid, caprolactam, 6-aminohexanoic acid, 6-hydroxyhexanoic acid, hexamethylenediamine or 1,6-hexanediol by forming two terminal functional groups, comprised of carboxyl, amine or hydroxyl groups, in a C6 aliphatic backbone substrate. These pathways, metabolic engineering and cultivation strategies described herein rely on CoA-dependent elongation enzymes or analogues enzymes associated with the carbon storage pathways from polyhydroxyalkanoate accumulating bacteria.
Abstract:
In the hydrocyanation reaction of butadiene proceeding through pentenenitriles to adiponitrile, catalysis by complexes of zerovalent nickel with bidentate phosphorus-based ligands of the NiL 2 A type wherein L 2 is a bidentate ligand and A is an unsaturated compound, can be rate-limited by the solubility of the catalytic complex. The present invention concerns solvent compositions for the nickel-ligand complex comprising mixtures of unsaturated nitriles that provide for increased metal solubility, particularly in the absence of a Lewis acid promoter, resulting in higher hydrocyanation reaction rates in an industrial-scale process for production of important nylon manufacturing intermediates. The mixed nitrile solvent compositions can include mixtures of pentenenitriles and/or methylbutenenitriles. The mixtures of mixed unsaturated nitriles can be, at least in part, from recycle streams from the hydrocyanation reaction for which the nickel-bidentate ligand complexes are used as catalysts.
Abstract:
The invention includes needle punched composite fabrics that provide separate finish systems. A first finish is applied to the fiber batt prior to preparation of the composite. A second "overlay fiber finish" is provided subsequent to a needling process.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to reduction of corrosion. The present invention includes a method of decreasing corrosion during ammonia extraction. The method includes performing a process to extract ammonia using ammonia extraction equipment. The ammonia extraction equipment includes an ammonia absorber, an ammonia desorber, and an aqueous solution. The aqueous solution includes an acid or an ammonium salt thereof. The method also includes sparging an oxygen-containing gas into the solution in the ammonia absorber, the ammonia desorber, or therebetween. The invention also provides a system that can perform the method.
Abstract:
Disclosed herein are methods for recovering diphosphite-containing compounds from mixtures comprising organic mononitriles and organic dinitriles, using liquid-liquid extraction. Also disclosed are pre-treatments to enhance extractability of the diphosphite-containing compounds.
Abstract:
This document describes biochemical pathways for producing butadiene by forming two vinyl groups in a butadiene synthesis substrate. These pathways described herein rely on enzymes such as mevalonate diphosphate decarboxylase, isoprene synthase, and dehydratases for the final enzymatic step.
Abstract:
Disclosed herein are barrier articles of polyurethane blends or alloys that limit the permeability of gases there through, particularly as used in inflatable sports articles and more particularly as used in soccer balls.
Abstract:
The present invention describes both a stretch-blow-molded opaque polyester container and a method of making it. The container, typically a beverage bottle has less than 15% transmission of visible light (500 nm) through a 0.4 millimeter wall thickness. It contains from about 0.1 to about 5wt. % of said opacifying material. The opacifying material may be any material compatible with polyester resin. The method of making the container includes introducing the opacifying material during polymerization, or prepared as a master batch for mixing with the polymer. Selection of certain opacifying materials can also result in favorable reheat properties, gas permeation-barrier improvements, and when the resin contains both opacifying material and oxygen scavenger there can be a synergistic effect with respect to CO 2 permeation.
Abstract:
The present disclosure relates to compositions and compounded compositions including polyamide and a maleated polyolefin, articles formed from the same such as extruded or molded articles, and methods of making the compositions and articles. A composition includes a condensation polyamide that is at least 30 wt% of the composition and that is the predominant polyamide in the composition. The composition also includes from ≥10 wt% to ≤50 wt% of a maleic anhydride grafted polyolefin having a grafted maleic anhydride incorporation of ≥0.05 to ≤1.5 wt% based on total weight of the maleated polyolefin.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a stainblocking composition for fabrics and/or carpets comprising an alkaline stainblocking agent, especially an arylsulfonate or arylsulfone.