Abstract:
A process for producing highly uniform microspheres of silica having an average diameter of 0.1-10 νm from the hydrolysis of a silica precursor, such as tetraalkoxysilanes, which is characterized by employing precursor solutions and feed rates which initially yield a two-phase reaction mixture
Abstract:
The invention defines a propulsion system (10) for an underwater vehicle (40). More particularly, the invention describes a turbo-hydroduct propulsion system which operates on stored, high energy fuel (48). The fuel is combusted and powers a turbopump (16) which pressurizes ingested water to a very high pressure. The pressurized water is subsequently exhausted from the vehicle to produce thrust.
Abstract:
The invention relates to secondary power system (10) apparatus and method for use aboard aircraft in place of conventional auxiliary power units (APU's) and emergency power units (EPU's). The inventive integrated power unit (12) (IPU) performs the function of both an APU and an EPU, while avoiding the use of hazardous monofuels. The IPU (12) includes a turbine engine (20) operable on pressurized ambient air, or on pressurized stored air, along with jet engine fuel. The structure of a combustion chamber (26) for the engine (20) which is able to use pressurized air from two separate sources; of a control (18) able to selectively operate the engine (20) as an EPU, as an APU, and to effect operating transition from EPU to APU; and of a complete secondary power system (10) with the IPU (12) are all disclosed.
Abstract:
A turbocharger includes a backplate (54) separate from both the center housing (12) and the turbine housing (22) which is clamped between the latter by tie bolts (74) extending across the center housing (12) so that the tensile/shear forces transmitted throughthe head of the tie bolt (74) are taken on the relatively cool compressor side of the center housing (12). The turbine backplate (54), since it is a separate member, may be made from a material having a relatively low thermal conductivity, thereby serving as a heat barrier between the turbine section and the center housing (12) of the turbocharger. The separate backplate (54) permits manufacture of the center housing (12) by an inexpensive die casting process. An oil splash shield (70) cooperates with the turbine backplate (54) to prevent oil from splashed against the warm parts of the assembly, and also cooperates with the turbine backplate (54) to define a chamber therebetween that also further increases thermal insulation of the center housing (12) from the relatively warm turbine housing (22).
Abstract:
A piece of a titanium-based alloy having an elevated temperature phase transformation is diffusion bonded to a second piece at an accelerated rate or reduced temperature, as compared with conventional diffusion bonding, by manipulating the phase transformation with an alloying element that can be readily introduced into, and removed from, the titanium piece. The introduction of hydrogen into the titanium alloy reduces the temperature of the phase transformation. The titanium alloy can be repeatedly cycled through the phase transformation before or during bonding, by the introduction and removal of hydrogen, to reduce the flow stress through transformation plasticity. Alternatively, the titanium alloy may be loaded with hydrogen to reduce the phase transformation temperature, increasing the fraction of the more deformable phase and thence reducing the flow stress of the alloy at the diffusion bonding temperature.
Abstract:
The present invention is directed to a process for the separation of an aqueous solution of at least one amphoteric compound from an aqueous feed comprising the amphoteric compound including amino acids, and at least one salt. The process is conducted in an apparatus comprising at least one cell (218). The cell (218) comprises at least one bipolar membrane (220) each of which comprises a cation layer (226) and an anion layer (228). Cells useful in the process of the present invention include arrangements with the bipolar membane in combination with at least one cation membrane (22) and/or at least one anion membrane (224).
Abstract:
Compositions of ethylene oxide and monochlorotetrafluoroethane which are useful as sterilizing agents. These novel compositions are environmentally acceptable, possess improved flammability suppressant characteristics, and are capable of maintaining a greater ethylene oxide concentration than traditional sterilizing gas compositions.
Abstract:
A nickel-based superalloy article formed from particles of the superalloy is processed to have a microstructure which is resistant to failure when processed using high strain thermomechanical processes. Articles having the desired microstructure are produced by hot isostatically pressing powder of the superalloy in a specified temperature range bounded by the incipient melting temperature as a minimum and the solvus temperature of stable high temperature phases. The compact is held under pressure in the specified temperature range to diffuse deleterious phases which exist as a result of the initial powder atomization operation. The powder compact thus formed can be processed using conventional processes to produce material for subsequent thermomechanical processing using high strain rate forging equipment and retain the benefits of chemical uniformity and cleanliness associated with traditional powder metal processes.
Abstract:
A fluid power apparatus (10) includes a power piston (40) dividing a working chamber (18) from a first chamber (16), the power piston (40) biased toward a rest position by a spring (17) and the piston (40) displaced by means of restricting fluid flow between the working chamber (18) and first chamber (16). In order to keep contaminants from entering the first chamber (16), a collapsible filter (80) is disposed about a piston rod (13) of the power piston (40), the filter (80) having at an end cap (88) with a central opening (91) through which extends the piston rod (13) and at an opposite end member (98) a flange (95) which serves as a seat (97) for the spring (17). The end member (98) seats sealingly against the power piston (40) while the end cap (88) has a sealing mechanism (92) about the periphery of the central opening (91) to provide sealing between the end cap (88) and input rod (13). If during operation of the fluid power apparatus (10) the end cap (88) should engage an opposite wall (15) of the first chamber (16), the filter (80) collapses and permits continued full stroke displacement of the power piston (40) without damage to the filter (80). Should the filter (80) become clogged, the spring (17) seated upon the flange (95) permits the flange (95) to lift away from the power piston (40) so that fluid may bypass the filter (80) and effect continued operation of the fluid power apparatus (10).
Abstract:
The end caps of a filter element are formed on the element by dispensing a photo-initiated polymer in a transparent mold, setting the end of the filter media array in the mold, exposing the mold to ultraviolet light for a time sufficient to cure the polymer, and then stripping the mold from the finished end cap. Accordingly, the time of 60-75 seconds required to cure prior art Plastisol end caps is reduced to a few seconds necessary to cure the end caps made from the photo-initiated polymer. The end caps have been designed with reinforcing ribs to minimize the amount of polymer required while still maintaining necessary hoop strength to retain the media in place.