Abstract:
The invention relates to an adiabatic process for producing nitrobenzene by nitrating benzene with sulphuric acid mixtures and nitric acid mixtures using a stoichiometric excess of benzene and reusing non-reacted benzene, the content of the aliphatic organic compounds in the feed benzene being limited, by the targeted evacuation of aliphatic organic compounds to at least one step in the process, to a content of less than 1.5 mass-%, in relation to the total amount of feed benzene.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a continuous adiabatic process for producing nitrobenzene by nitrating benzene with sulphuric acid mixtures and nitric acid mixtures using a stoichiometric excess of benzene, the content of organic compounds in the sulphuric acid cycle being maintained, at least during the starting of the production system, at a level lower than 1.0 mass % in relation to the total mass of the sulphuric acid cycle. This is achieved, preferably, either after the end or prior to the start of the production cycle, by starting the circulation of the sulfuric acid cycle at a higher temperature in order to separate the organic substances contained in the sulphuric acid and comprising, preferably nitrobenzene and traces of benzene, dinitrobenzene and nitrophenol, in an evaporation device for concentrating the sulphuric acid.
Abstract:
L'invention concerne la fabrication du nitrométhane. Selon le procédé on fait réagir un agent nitrant, constitué par un composé oxygéné de l'azote, avec un composé carboné comportant deux atomes de carbone et au moins un atome autre que carbone et hydrogène. Application à la transformation des produits courants de l'industrie chimique en nitrométhane.
Abstract:
Nitro compounds are selectively formed by contacting, at elevated temperature and pressure and in a homogeneous gas phase, an organic oxygenated hydrocarbon having from two to ten carbon atoms with N0 2 alone or in the presence of oxygen and/or water.
Abstract:
Disclosed are a process and an apparatus for synthesizing nitroalkanes by reaction of a hydrocarbon feedstock with aqueous nitric acid. Energy and capital costs may be reduced by recycling a majority of the aqueous phase back to the reactor.
Abstract:
A modular chemical production system includes multiple modules for performing a chemical reaction, particularly of radiochemical compounds, from a remote location. One embodiment comprises a reaction vessel including a moveable heat source with the position thereof relative to the reaction vessel being controllable from a remote position. Alternatively the heat source may be fixed in location and the reaction vial is moveable into and out of the heat source. The reaction vessel has one or more sealing plugs, the positioning of which in relationship to the reaction vessel is controllable from a remote position. Also the one or more reaction vessel sealing plugs can include one or more conduits there through for delivery of reactants, gases at atmospheric or an elevated pressure, inert gases, drawing a vacuum and removal of reaction end products to and from the reaction vial, the reaction vial with sealing plug in position being operable at elevated pressures. The modular chemical production system is assembled from modules which can each include operating condition sensors and controllers configured for monitoring and controlling the individual modules and the assembled system from a remote position. Other modules include, but are not limited to a Reagent Storage and Delivery Module, a Cartridge Purification Module, a Microwave Reaction Module, an External QC/Analysis/Purification Interface Module, an Aliquotting Module, an F-18 Drying Module, a Concentration Module, a Radiation Counting Module, and a Capillary Reactor Module.
Abstract:
Compounds effective in inhibiting replication of Hepatitis C virus (“HCV”) are described. This invention also relates to processes of making such compounds, compositions comprising such compounds, and methods of using such compounds to treat HCV infection.