Abstract:
The invention provides an optical space switch device which provides variable interconnection of one- or two-dimensionally spatially multiplexed optical signals. The optical space switch device comprises a plurality of optical space switch stages stacked to form a multi-input multi-output optical space switch. Each of the optical space switch stages comprises a plurality of 2-input 2-output optical switches, each of which comprises polarization controlling means (10) and optical path shifting means (20) which has a bypass mode in which it outputs beams of light along optical axes and an exchange mode in which it shifts beams of light by diffraction.
Abstract:
5 n7 In a color liquid crystal display device (21) of the invention, light-blocking members (F) of predetermined configurations (characters, graphics etc.) are disposed on the surface of one side of a liquid crystal display element (23), that is to say the surface on the side opposite to the light source (22), and the predetermined configurations are displayed on the color liquid crystal display device (21) by blocking the light from the light source (22) with the light-blocking members (F). Further, a light-scattering plate (24) is disposed between the light source (22) and the liquid crystal display element (23), or between the liquid crystal display element (23) and the light-blocking members (F). It is possible to allow transmission of a part of the light blocked by the light-blocking members (F) by scattering the light which is transmitted through the liquid crystal display element (23) with the arrangement of the light-scattering plate (24). Therefore, around the periphery of the light-blocking members (F), the color balance of the transmitted light breaks down and only a specific color of light is transmitted, thereby preventing the colored and blurred appearance of the peripheral part of the light-blocking members (F). Based upon this, the display quality of the color liquid crystal display device (21) is markedly improved.
Abstract:
A first electro-optic crystal substrate and a second electro-optic crystal substrate are provided as an electro-optic crystal substrate. The first electro-optic crystal substrate comprises a first periodic polarization reversal structure in which first polarization pairs, in each of which the directions of polarization in response to electric fields are opposite to each other, are arranged in a first period along a first arrangement direction which is orthogonal or inclined with respect to the direction of propagation, and light passes through the first periodic polarization reversal structure. The second electro-optic crystal substrate comprises a second periodic polarization reversal structure in which second polarization pairs, in each of which the directions of polarization in response to electric fields are opposite to each other, are arranged in a second period along a second arrangement direction which is orthogonal or inclined with respect to the direction of propagation, and light outstanding from the first electro-optic crystal substrate passes through the second periodic polarization reversal structure. At least one of a first condition and a second condition is satisfied. The first condition is that the first and the second periods are different from each other and a second condition is that the first arrangement direction and the second arrangement direction are different from each other.
Abstract:
A liquid crystal display apparatus is provided. The display apparatus comprises a liquid crystal display device for displaying an image and a diffractive optical element. The diffractive optical element is disposed on a light emitting side of the display device and comprises first grating regions (43) and second grating regions (53). The first grating regions (43) have a first diffraction grating (44). The second grating regions (53) have a second diffraction grating (54). An azimuth angle of the first diffraction grating is different from an azimuth angle of the second diffraction grating.