公开(公告)号：US3994591A

公开(公告)日：1976-11-30

申请号：US545025

申请日：1975-01-29

Applicant: David William Gibbard

Inventor： David William Gibbard

IPC: G01N33/48 ,  G01N15/14 ,  G01N21/31 ,  G01N33/483 ,  G06K9/00 ,  G01J3/48

CPC classification number: G01N21/314 ,  G01N15/1468 ,  G06K9/00127 ,  G01N15/1475

Abstract: A method and apparatus for analyzing features in a field which is scanned to produce video signals according to the spectral characteristics of the features. The apparatus incorporates two or more filters for producing different spectral characteristic images of the field which are then synchronously scanned using a plurality of separate scanners which are synchronized but which need not be so accurately registered point by point as is normally the case with color scanners. The invention provides for the use of an anti-coincidence detector circuit to associate video signal information arising from scanning non-registered images of the features in the field so that the information in the separate channels can be associated and made available for simultaneous comparison so that a ratio can for example be obtained of the integrated optical density measurements of a feature in respect of different color components of the image of the feature.Another embodiment of the invention is described in which an additional parameter such as area can be measured and a feature classification performed taking both integrated optical density ratios and areas into account.A third embodiment of the invention is described in which additional threshhold comparators are incorporated so that different areas of detected features can be selected for measurement.

Abstract translation: 一种用于分析场中的特征的方法和装置，其被扫描以根据特征的光谱特征产生视频信号。 该装置包括用于产生场的不同光谱特征图像的两个或更多个滤光器，然后使用多个分离的扫描器进行同步扫描，这些扫描器是同步的，但是与彩色扫描仪通常情况一样，不需要像这样精确地进行注册。 本发明提供使用反重合检测器电路来将从场中的特征的扫描非注册图像产生的视频信号信息相关联，使得可以将分离的信道中的信息相关联并使其可用于同时比较，使得 例如可以获得关于特征的图像的不同颜色分量的特征的集成光密度测量的比率。

公开(公告)号：US3963351A

公开(公告)日：1976-06-15

申请号：US567946

申请日：1975-04-14

Applicant: Britton Chance ,  Victor Legallais ,  John R. Sorge ,  Norman C. Graham, Jr.

Inventor： Britton Chance ,  Victor Legallais ,  John R. Sorge ,  Norman C. Graham, Jr.

IPC: G01J1/44 ,  G01J3/12 ,  G01N21/31 ,  G01J3/30 ,  G01J3/48

CPC classification number: G01N21/314 ,  G01J2001/444 ,  G01J2003/123 ,  G01N2021/3162 ,  G01N2021/3174 ,  G01N2021/4742 ,  G01N2021/6421 ,  G01N21/6408 ,  G01N2201/0621 ,  G01N2201/0806

Abstract: A multi-wavelength time-sharing apparatus usable in various different configurations of optical measuring equipment to provide a plurality of time-shared optical channels and including appropriate circuitry. The apparatus employs a turbine-driven filter wheel having a shaft position-encoding arrangement consisting of a hollow shaft portion which is internally illuminated. The hollow shaft portion has two sets of spaced apertures cyclically communicating with respective angularly spaced pairs of externally fixedly mounted phototransistors which are sequentially illuminated as the shaft portion rotates and which produce timing pulses which drive Schmitt triggers, which, in a typical embodiment, in turn produce pulses compatible with a logic circuit employed to decode the phototransistor signals into triggers for driving a 4-channel switched gain equalizer, a dark current clamp, and detector gates. Appropriate selection of the signals enables the instrument to function as a fluorometer or a spectrophotometer.

Abstract translation: 一种可用于各种不同配置的光学测量设备以提供多个时间共享的光学信道并且包括适当的电路的多波长时间共享装置。 该装置采用具有轴位置编码装置的涡轮驱动滤光轮，该轴位置编码装置由内部照明的中空轴部分组成。 空心轴部分具有两组间隔开的孔，这些孔与相应的有角度地间隔开的外部固定安装的光电晶体管对循环连通，随着轴部分旋转，该光电晶体管依次被照亮，并且产生驱动施密特触发器的定时脉冲，在典型的实施例中， 产生与用于将光电晶体管信号解码为用于驱动4通道开关增益均衡器，暗电流钳和检测器门的触发器的逻辑电路兼容的脉冲。 信号的适当选择使得仪器能够用作荧光计或分光光度计。

公开(公告)号：US3929398A

公开(公告)日：1975-12-30

申请号：US17279771

申请日：1971-08-18

Applicant: BATES HARRY E

Inventor： BATES HARRY E

IPC: G01J9/00 ,  G01J9/02 ,  G01J3/48

CPC classification number: G01J9/0246 ,  G01J9/00

Abstract: Light whose wavelength is to be measured is applied to a device utilizing a light processing means which serves to transmit light to a detector array in a manner determined by its wavelength. The coded output of the detector array can thus immediately indicate the wavelength of the incoming light. I prefer to utilize a wedge interference filter to produce a line of light extending across the width of the filter at a position along its length, which position is a function of the wavelength. The position of the line of light is encoded by a binary code mask to digitally indicate the light wavelength. Indicator lamps are activated in accordance with the digital indication and are rendered responsive to the light from the code mask in response to a high sensitivity detector. The system broadly includes apparatus for measuring a light signal in which a plurality of signal transmission paths whose transfer functions are different functions of light wavelength effect transmission of the light signal to a unique combination of the output channels responsive to a specific input wavelength.

Abstract translation: 将要测量其波长的光应用于利用光处理装置的装置，其用于以由其波长确定的方式将光透射到检测器阵列。 因此，检测器阵列的编码输出可以立即指示入射光的波长。 我更喜欢使用楔形干涉滤光器来产生沿着其长度的位置延伸过滤器宽度的一条光线，该位置是波长的函数。 光线的位置由二进制码掩码编码，以数字表示光波长。 指示灯根据数字指示被激活，并且响应于高灵敏度检测器响应于来自代码掩码的光而被响应。 该系统广泛地包括用于测量光信号的装置，其中传输函数是光波长的不同功能的多个信号传输路径响应于特定输入波长影响光信号的传输到输出通道的唯一组合。

公开(公告)号：US3897157A

公开(公告)日：1975-07-29

申请号：US45991274

申请日：1974-04-11

Applicant: ENERTRON CORP

Inventor： MCLAUGHLIN MANO ,  WOHLERT ANDREW M

IPC: G01J3/50 ,  G01J3/48 ,  G02B5/22

CPC classification number: G01J3/50 ,  G01J3/513

Abstract: A fish lure selector including a plurality of matched color filters and associated photocells encased in a waterproof housing and connected by a cable to a control circuit for providing a visual indication of the relative intensities of different colors of light below the surface of a body of water.

Abstract translation: 一种鱼诱饵选择器，其包括多个匹配的滤色器和相关联的光电池，其被封装在防水壳体中并且通过电缆连接到控制电路，以提供在水体表面下方的不同颜色的光的相对强度的视觉指示 。

公开(公告)号：US3869212A

公开(公告)日：1975-03-04

申请号：US38501373

申请日：1973-08-02

Applicant: NASA

Inventor： BURCHER ERNEST E ,  JOBSON DANIEL J ,  KATZBERG STEPHEN J ,  KELLY IV WILLIAM L

IPC: G01J3/28 ,  G01J3/51 ,  G01J3/48 ,  G01J3/42

CPC classification number: G01J3/02 ,  G01J3/021 ,  G01J3/2803 ,  G01J3/2823 ,  G01J3/51 ,  G01J3/513 ,  G01J2003/1226

Abstract: This invention integrates a spectrometer capability with the basic imagery function of facsimile cameras without significantly increasing mechanical or optical complexity, or interfering with the imaging function. The invention consists of a group of photodetectors arranged in a linear array in the focal plane of the fascimile camera with a separate narrow band interference filter centered over each photodetector. The interference filter photodetector array is on a line in the focal plane of the facsimile camera along the direction of image motion due to the rotation of the facsimile camera''s vertical mirror. As the image of the picture element of interest travels down the interference filter photodetector array, the photodetector outputs are synchronously selected and sampled to provide spectral information on the single picture element. The selection of the proper photodetector and data sampling is controlled by information derived from the servo system controlling the vertical mirror rotation.

Abstract translation: 本发明将光谱仪能力与传真机的基本图像功能相结合，而不会显着增加机械或光学复杂性或干扰成像功能。 本发明由一组光电探测器组成，该组光电探测器以直线阵列布置在fascimile摄像机的焦平面中，并以每个光电检测器为中心的单独的窄带干涉滤光片。 干涉滤光器光电检测器阵列由于传真机的垂直反射镜的旋转而沿着图像运动的方向在传真机的焦平面上的一行上。 当感兴趣的像素的图像沿着干涉滤光器光电检测器阵列向下移动时，光电检测器输出被同步地选择和采样以在单个图像元件上提供光谱信息。 适当的光电检测器和数据采样的选择由控制垂直反射镜旋转的伺服系统的信息控制。

公开(公告)号：US3811777A

公开(公告)日：1974-05-21

申请号：US33004173

申请日：1973-02-06

Applicant: JOHNSON RES FOUNDATION MEDICAL

Inventor： CHANCE B

IPC: A61B5/00 ,  A61B5/07 ,  G01N21/55 ,  G01N21/63 ,  G01N21/64 ,  G01N21/00 ,  G01J3/30 ,  G01J3/48

CPC classification number: A61B5/14556 ,  A61B5/076 ,  A61B5/14553 ,  G01N21/55 ,  G01N21/631 ,  G01N21/645 ,  G01N2021/1734

Abstract: A spectrophotometric probe apparatus including a light source, a photomultiplier and a rotary filter wheel, with respective light pipes located to receive excitation light through one filter from the source and to transmit emission or reflectance light through an opposite filter to the photomultiplier. The remote ends of the light pipes are located adjacent to the area of observation and may be secured together to form a bundle. An additional light pipe may be added to the bundle to inject a photolysis flash on the tissue being studied, and the bundle may be attached to a chamber which can be implanted adjacent the living tissue and which is provided with ducts for passing perturbation gases through the chamber.

Abstract translation: 一种分光光度探针装置，包括光源，光电倍增管和旋转滤光轮，其中各个光管被定位成通过来自源的一个滤光片接收激发光，并将发射或反射光通过相对的滤光器传输到光电倍增管。 光管的远端位于观察区域附近，并且可以固定在一起以形成束。 可以将另外的光管添加到束以在被研究的组织上注入光解闪光，并且束可以附接到可以在活组织附近植入的室，并且其设置有用于使扰动气体通过 房间。

公开(公告)号：US3794425A

公开(公告)日：1974-02-26

申请号：US3794425D

申请日：1972-08-22

Applicant: SHELL OIL CO

Inventor： SMITH V ,  BOWERS R

IPC: G01J1/44 ,  G01J3/06 ,  G01J3/12 ,  G01J3/28 ,  G01J5/34 ,  G01N21/31 ,  G01N21/35 ,  G01N21/34 ,  G01J3/48

CPC classification number: G01J3/12 ,  G01J5/34 ,  G01J2001/4242 ,  G01J2003/1234 ,  G01J2003/284 ,  G01N21/31 ,  G01N21/314 ,  G01N21/3504

Abstract: A fast spectroscopic analyzer wherein chopped infrared light is passed through a sample cell, a rotating variable filter and to a detector. The angular position of the filter corresponds to various wave lengths of light and is used to synchronize a recording system, recording signals of interest.

Abstract translation: 一种快速光谱分析仪，其中切碎的红外光通过样品池，旋转可变过滤器和检测器。 滤光器的角度位置对应于各种波长的光，并用于同步记录系统，记录感兴趣的信号。

公开(公告)号：US3771877A

公开(公告)日：1973-11-13

申请号：US3771877D

申请日：1972-02-14

Applicant: SARGENT WELCH SCIENTIFIC CO

Inventor： ROSENCRANZ R

IPC: G01J1/24 ,  G01N21/47 ,  G01J3/48 ,  G01J1/42 ,  G01N21/48

CPC classification number: G01N21/474 ,  G01J1/24

Abstract: An instrument for determining optical density by measurement of diffuse reflected light. The instrument includes a light source, means for forming a beam of diffuse reflected light, an electrical balancing circuit, and an optical attenuator for controlling the intensity of light incident on a photoresponsive element forming a part of the balancing circuit. In the use of the instrument, the units of optical density are read directly from the optical attenuator, and mechanical movement thereof serves to provide an aperture of increased or decreased size, admitting more or less light, until electrical balance is achieved in the circuit. A balanced circuit condition is indicated by extinguishment of a single bulb, and the reading is taken only when the balanced condition occurs. In the preferred form of construction, the optical attenuator is in the form of a disc or wheel having a gradually increasing opening therein, and adapted for direct manipulation by the operator. Calibration of the instrument is achieved by illuminating a standard or known control specimen, and adjusting a nulling potentiometer in a balancing bridge to produce a balanced condition in the circuit. By using a mechanical attenuator instead of an electrical signal strength control, the unit is simplified in construction and is more accurate and reliable in use.

Abstract translation: 用于通过测量漫反射光来确定光密度的仪器。 仪器包括光源，用于形成漫反射光束的装置，电平衡电路和用于控制入射到形成平衡电路的一部分的光响应元件上的光的强度的光衰减器。 在使用仪器时，光密度的单位直接从光衰减器读取，其机械运动用于提供增加或减小尺寸的孔，允许或多或少的光，直到在电路中实现电平衡。 通过熄灭单个灯泡表示平衡电路状况，只有当平衡状况发生时才进行读数。 在优选的结构形式中，光衰减器是其中具有逐渐增加的开口的盘或轮的形式，并且适于由操作者直接操纵。 仪器的校准是通过照亮标准或已知的对照样品，并调整平衡桥中的归零电位器来产生电路中的平衡状态来实现的。 通过使用机械衰减器代替电信号强度控制，该装置结构简化，使用更准确可靠。

公开(公告)号：US3770355A

公开(公告)日：1973-11-06

申请号：US3770355D

申请日：1972-05-31

Applicant: OPTICAL COATING LABORATORY INC

Inventor： ANTHON E

IPC: G01M11/00 ,  G01N21/59 ,  G01N21/88 ,  G01J3/48 ,  G01J3/42 ,  G01N21/22

CPC classification number: G01N21/88 ,  G01M11/00 ,  G01N21/59 ,  Y10T428/24843 ,  Y10T428/2826

Abstract: A spectrophotometer for ascertaining transmission of enery by a test piece and having a housing with a source of energy in the housing and means carried by the housing for forming an image limiting aperture. Optical means within the housing is provided for receiving energy from the source for forming a beam of energy and imaging the source in the aperture. Means is provided for chopping the beam. Filter means is provided for passing selected narrow spectral bands of energy in the beam. Optical means is provided for receiving energy passing through the aperture and includes collimating means and means for causing the beam to be tilted at an angle with respect to the test piece. Means including a detector is provided for receiving the beam after it has passed through the test piece. In the method, a beam of energy is provided which is collimated and is offset at an angle with respect to the test piece so that back reflected energy is substantially eliminated and will not influence the tests being made on the test piece. Tests are made with and without the test piece in the beam.

Abstract translation: 一种分光光度计，用于确定测试件的传播，并且具有在壳体中具有能量源的壳体和由壳体承载的用于形成图像限制孔的装置。 壳体内的光学装置被提供用于从光源接收能量以形成能量束并在光圈中成像光源。 提供了用于切割光束的装置。 提供滤波器装置用于在光束中传递选定的能量的窄光谱带。 提供光学装置用于接收通过孔的能量，并且包括准直装置和用于使光束相对于测试件以一定角度倾斜的装置。 包括检测器的装置被提供用于在其通过测试件之后接收光束。

公开(公告)号：US3706499A

公开(公告)日：1972-12-19

申请号：US3706499D

申请日：1970-03-02

Applicant: BECTON DICKINSON CO

Inventor： RAPOZA EDWARD J ,  SIEGEL MAXWELL E ,  ESTELLE WEEMS E ,  PETRUCCI PASQUALE M ,  LINARDUCCI JOSEPH S ,  HAMMA JOHN ,  MONTGOMERY JOHN

IPC: B01L3/00 ,  G01N21/25 ,  G01N33/487 ,  G01J1/42 ,  G01J3/48

CPC classification number: G01N21/253 ,  B01L3/545 ,  G01N21/251 ,  G01N33/492

Abstract: A blood testing system which includes a colorimeter for observing the light transmission characteristics of a reacted blood sample to determine the concentration of a particular component. The colorimeter includes a lamp, a sample holding well, a photocell, and a meter having a needle to indicate the output of the photocell. A removable module is provided which is adapted to plug into the circuitry of the instrument and adjustably calibrate the instrument for a particular blood determination. The module includes a printed scale which is designed to be positioned immediately adjacent the meter needle when the module is operatively connected to the colorimeter, the units of the scale being correlated to the particular blood determination of the module such that the scale reads directly in the units of the test being conducted. By employing a number of modules, each being color-coded and calibrated for a particular blood determination, the colorimeter may be easily adapted to perform a number of tests by merely inserting the appropriate module. A carousel is provided for mounting several modules in the instrument, the carousel being rotatable to sequentially translate individual modules to the operative position adjacent the output needle of the meter. A number of filters are provided for the colorimeter, and a mechanism is incorporated which is designed to selectively position individual filters in the light path of the colorimeter. A patient record card is provided which is adapted to overlie and be temporarily affixed to the module. The card, which may also be color-coded, includes a scale which overlies the scale of the module, this scale being adapted to be marked to serve as a permanent record of the test determination. A removable tear-off tab is associated with the card which may be utilized to identify a blood sample by patient number and test. A number of marked cards, obtained over a period of time for a particular test, is adapted to be placed in overlapping relationship whereby the test results will be displayed as a graph plotted against time. A folder is provided to retain the cards in such overlapping relationship, the folder having a clear plastic overlay with indicia thereon to indicate the normal range of the test results. The cuvette containing the reagent required for the blood determination is provided with a molded plastic cap which is designed to retain a capillary within the cuvette when the cap is attached. For this purpose, the cap includes an integral depending flap having an aperture therethrough, the aperture being designed to threadedly receive the capillary.