Abstract:
A method of determining a calibration factor used to calibrate vehicle speed signals includes the steps of driving the vehicle over a measured distance, counting the pulses generated while driving the vehicle over the measured distance, and then calculating the calibration factor from the number of pulses counted and a nominal pulse count stored in memory. An indication of the difference in a reference speed using the old and new calibration factors is displayed to the vehicle operator who can then choose to accept or abort the new calibration factor.
Abstract:
Azeotrope-like compositions comprising 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane and dichlorotrifluoroethane are stable and have utility as blowing agents, degreasing agents and as solvents in a variety of industrial cleaning applications including cold cleaning and defluxing of printed circuit boards.
Abstract:
Ceramic turbine wheels (10) are balanced to minimize rotational vibrations by bonding silica-based glass pads (18) to the wheel (10). The pads (18) are formed from a mixture of sodium silicate, water and a fine ceramic powder, preferably of a composition similar to the underlying ceramic turbine wheel (10). The weighted pads (18) are machined, without damage to the underlying ceramic wheel, to achieve proper balance.
Abstract:
A liquid filter for filtering the lubricating oil of an internal combustion engine includes a bypass passage permitting liquid to flow from the outlet to the inlet in a direction opposite to normal flow through the filter when the engine is initially filled with oil by a pressure lubrication fill process. When the engine is first started, a valve responds to normal engine oil pressure to close the bypass passage.
Abstract:
Semipermeable membranes comprising polyesters which are resistant to chlorine are prepared by casting on a porous support backing material either a solution comprising a blend of a polymeric hydroxyalkyl acrylate and a polymeric monocarboxylic acid, or a polymeric polycarboxylic acid, or a solution containing a prepolymer which has been formed by the reaction of a polymeric hydroxyalkyl acrylate with an acryloyl halide or an anhydride of a dicarboxylic acid. The porous support backing material is contacted with the solution at contacting conditions, following which the excess solution is removed and the solution-coated porous support backing material is then cured at curing conditions. This membrane will possess excellent characteristics of salt rejection and flux as well as being resistant to the action of chlorine which is present in water which is subjected to a desalination process.
Abstract:
The pressure-producing device (10) comprises a housing (30) which is slidable relative to a stationary piston (60), the housing (30) movable within a substantially blind bore (12) to effect the pressurization of fluid. A body (14) containing the blind bore (12) includes a retention member (22) located adjacent an end opening (16) of the blind bore (12). The pressure-producing device (10) is received within the blind bore (12) wherein a closed end (32) with a seal (44) thereabout defines with an end of the blind bore (12) a pressurizing chamber (50). The piston (60) is received slidably and sealingly within an interior opening (39) of the housing (30) and extends from an end opening (34) thereof in order to engage the retention member (22) and position stationarily the piston (60). The housing (30) and piston (60) are displaced away from one another by a pressurized medium within the housing (30). The piston's (60) stationary position enables the housing (30) to slide within the blind bore (12) and effect the pressurization of fluid received within the chamber (50).
Abstract:
An interfacial polymerized reaction product composite on a porous support backing material may be prepared by contacting a porous support material such as polysulfone with an aqueous solution of an aromatic polyamine, said aqueous solution containing a polyhydric compound and an acid acceptor. The coated support material is then contacted with an organic solvent solution of an aromatic polycarboxylic acid halide for a period of time sufficient to form an interfacial polymerized reaction product on the surface of the support material. The resulting composite is then post treated by washing with an alkaline compound, leaching with sodium bisulfite and treating the leached composite with a polyhydric compound. The resultant membrane composite may be used in separation processes such as the desalination of brackish or sea water, the membrane being resistant to attack by chlorine which is present in water.
Abstract:
Air turbulence (windshear as well as clear air turbulence) in navigable airspace is detected by remotely sensing changes in the spatial temperature profile of an air column ahead of an aircraft by repeatedly sensing the intensity of the thermal radiation from the column of atmospheric air in at least two spectral peaks in the 4.17 to 4.2 νm region of the CO2 spectral emission band, and comparing the relative intensity of the spectral peaks over time. Apparatus which includes a tunable Fabry-Perot etalon is provided for the practice of the method.
Abstract:
A controller for a three-wheel turbocharger is shown for receiving input parameters including: throttle or rack position, manifold absolute pressure, and engine RPM. The controller may also use an accumulator. The operating parameters are used by the controller to control the amount of hydraulic fluid applied to the third hydraulic turbine wheel of the turbocharger through various operational modes including: pump bypass, power transfer, lugging or override, and accumulator charging modes. The controller is designes so that power transfer may be overridden when engine load sensed by manifold absolute pressure is reduced.
Abstract:
A control system (30) for measuring the clearance ''x'' between the tip (26) of a blade (24) and wall (28) in a turbine engine (8). A series of probes (32, 32' and 32N) located in the wall (28) each have a reference orifice (52) and a sensing orifice (54). Fluid from a source flows through the reference orifices (52) into the turbine engine. This fluid flow is substantially unrestricted and as a result a fluid pressure P¿2? is established in a reference chamber (44). Fluid flow from the sensing orifice (54) is restricted by the relationship of the tip (26) of each blade (24) and as a result fluid pressure P2' is created in chamber (48). A multiplexer (62) sequentially provides transducer (92 and 94) with fluid pressure P2 from the reference chamber (44) and P2' from sensing chamber (48). The transducers (92 and 94) convert the pneumatic signals into electrical signals which are supplied to a computer (116). The computer (116) supplies a control member (118) with an operational signal to allow cooling air to flow to housing (10) to maintain a desired tip clearance ''x'' for the blades of the turbine.