Abstract:
To improve performance, reliability and lifetime of a plasma-containing electro-optic display device, at least the cathode electrodes have hollows or wells within which plasma discharge occurs. This reduces the tendency of the electrode material to be sputter deposited on the walls of the device. In addition, cathode emission is improved by incorporating emitter materials into the electrodes, either by alloying or by surface coatings.
Abstract:
A magnetic resonance method for imaging a part of a body which is arranged in a steady magnetic field, magnetic resonance signals being measured by means of different excitation pulses and different read gradients. The method can be used, for example for phase contrast angiography and for flow velocity measurements in a body of a patient. The method utilizes an initial read gradient and an alternating read gradient. In order to counteract artefacts in the image due to inhomogeneities of the steady magnetic field, the time elapsing between the initial read gradient and the alternating read gradient is varied. However, this causes artefacts in the fluid flow images due to the phase error which itself is caused by the spins flowing in the gradient field. In order to counteract these artefacts, the first-order moment of the initial read gradient is kept substantially constant until the center of the first lobe of the alternating read gradient.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a circuit arrangement for igniting and operating a discharge lamp, provided with input terminals for connecting a supply source, and a ground terminal; differential-mode and common-mode filter means in which are incorporated inductive means and capacitive filter means; output terminals for connecting the discharge lamp; and a switch mode power supply connected to the input terminals and the output terminals by means of respective voltage conduction branches. According to the invention, the circuit arrangement is characterized in that the input terminals and output terminals are connected both to one another and to the ground terminal by means of respective capacitive filter means, in that a bead is included in one of the voltage conduction branches, and in that further common-mode capacitive means are present between the inductive means and the switch mode power supply. The requirements formulated in both EN55022 and EN55015 can be complied with in this manner.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a telecommunication network (1, 19, 29) having a route allocation based on switching data. The switching takes place on the basis of stored switching data which describe the most favorable route determined on the basis of definable functions. More particularly, the switching data may be determined on the basis of charges (LCR data). For minimizing the arising charges for users of the telecommunication network, for example, via the LCR functions, whose locations are at least partially wide apart, there is proposed that a plurality of mutually coupled private branch exchanges (2-1, 2-2, ... 2-n, 21, 24, 30, 31, 32) are provided to which are assigned respective storage means (6-1, 6-2, ... 6-n) for storing switching data and which include processing means (7-1, 7-2, ... 7-n) for determining the most favorable route to a subscriber terminal (22, 37, 52) positioned inside or outside the telecommunication network (1) in dependence on the stored switching data, while an outgoing route of a private branch exchange (21, 30) leads through one or more of the other private branch exchanges (24, 31, 32) and/or through one or more other telecommunication networks (26, 38, 51, 52).
Abstract:
The invention relates to a digital transmission system comprising a receiver, which receiver includes an equalizer for estimating transmitted binary symbols from a sequence of sample values (6) of a received signal distorted by a transmission channel, by means of a reduced-state sequence estimation method or reduced-state single symbol estimation method (11). To provide a receiver featuring a high reliability combined with a clear state reduction of the estimation method, a minimum-phase substitute system (14) distorts the sample values received after a known training sequence (27) in the sequence of sample values (6) in the received order, and a maximum-phase substitute system (14) distorts the sample values (6) received before a known training sequence (27) and to be processed in reverse order for forming an estimate (11) for a received signal. The number of coefficients of the impulse response which are reduced by the state reduction and used for the estimation, render the estimation inaccurate. In a minimum-phase system the first coefficients of the impulse response of the substitute system have maximum energy with an unchanged frequency response. When these coefficients transformed in this manner are used for the state reduction, nearly all the information is used for the estimation. This achieves a high reliability of the sequence estimation as is achieved when all the states are used.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a portable communication device (10) having an antenna (11). Within a frequency band of interest, there is a deliberate mismatch between the impedances of the antenna (11) and the communication device (10). In this way the transmission loss between the antenna (11) and the communication device (10) is equalized as function of the distance between a disturbing object and the antenna (11). In this way power can be saved and/or the performance can be improved in the portable communication device (10).
Abstract:
An X-ray examination apparatus includes an X-ray source (1), an X-ray detector (4) and a collimator (5) which is arranged therebetween. The collimator is provided with a plurality of collimator elements (6) which can be individually adjusted to an X-ray transparent state or an X-ray intercepting state. The individual collimator elements can be adjusted to, for example the X-ray intercepting state by filling the elements with an X-ray absorbing liquid (8).
Abstract:
The telephone includes an assembly (2 or 6 or 7) formed by a coupling coil and a connecting cord connected to the base or to the handset and directly connected to the loudspeaker wires or to means for producing the loudspeaker signal, in the base or in the handset. This coupling coil (3) is intended to be inserted near to a receiving coil incorporated in a hearing aid.
Abstract:
A Semiconductor-On-Insulator (SOI) device includes a semiconductor substrate, a buried insulating layer on the substrate, and a lateral MOSFET on the buried insulating layer. The MOSFET includes a semiconductor surface layer on the buried insulating layer and has a source region of a first conductivity type, a channel region of a second conductivity type opposite to that of the first, and insulated gate electrode over the channel region and insulated therefrom, a lateral drift region of the second conductivity type, and a drain region of the first conductivity type laterally spaced apart from the channel region by the drift region. A semiconductor linkup region of the first conductivity type is provided between the channel region and the drift region and extends substantially through the semiconductor surface layer, and the source region of the device is preferably electrically coupled to the drift region. This device configuration is particularly useful in providing a high-voltage p-channel MOS transistor using thin SOI high-voltage technology normally associated with fabricating n-channel devices.
Abstract:
A system for detecting an object (1) in a turbid medium (2) comprises a radiation source (3) for irradiating the turbid medium with radiation components of different wavelengths, preferably in the range between 600nm and 1 mu m. The radiation components are amplitude modulated, preferably in anti-phase. The radiation from the turbid medium is received by a photodetector (4) which is sensitive for the different wavelengths. Inhomogeneities in the turbid medium influence the superposition of the amplitude modulations at the photodetector, so that the photodetector outputs a signal that contains information on the presence and/or location of an object in the turbid medium.