Abstract:
A system for separating the components of an incoming oil-water mixture includes two electrode sets, one set arranged to apply an electrostatic field to an oil layer residing within a separator vessel and the other set arranged to apply an electrostatic field to the interface emulsion layer residing within the separator vessel. The first set of electrodes is in communication with a high voltage power source that ranges from 1 to 60 kV; the second set of electrodes is in communication with a low voltage power source that is no greater than 5 kV. Each set of electrodes may also be in communication with a second voltage source to provide increased power to promote effective coalescence. The system may also include power electronics to produce a variable amplitude and a variable frequency voltage supply to one or both electrode sets.
Abstract:
A power supply system for an AC type of coalescerincluding a first transformer, a controllable transformer, a resonant control circuit and a control system. The first transformer has a primary winding with first and second primary terminals and a secondary winding with first and second secondary terminals, where the first and second secondary terminals are provided for connection to electrodes of the coalescer. The controllable transformer has a primary side for connection to an AC power source and a secondary side connected to first and second nodes, where the second node is connected to a second primary terminal of the first transformer. The resonant control circuit is connected between the first node and the second node. The control system is controlling the controllable transformer. The power supply system further comprises a capacitor connected between the first node and a first primary terminal of the first transformer.
Abstract:
Presented is a process for desalting crude oil. The process includes mixing a partially dehydrated crude oil, comprising less than 10 vol. % water and at least one water-extractable contaminant, with an aqueous wash fluid. A water-in-oil emulsion is formed. The water-in-oil emulsion is introduced into a first coalescence zone defined by a first vessel. The first vessel is configured to apply an electric field to the emulsion. The water-in-oil emulsion is broken within the first coalescence zone in the presence of the electric field under dynamic flow conditions to form a partially desalted crude oil and a non-emulsified aqueous salt solution. The partially desalted crude oil and the non-emulsified aqueous salt solution are then separated from one another under the dynamic flow conditions to yield a separated, partially desalted crude oil comprising less than 1 vol. % water.
Abstract:
According to a first aspect there is provided a coalescer for separating components of an emulsion, said coalescer comprising: a tank; an emulsion inlet to said tank arranged to, in use, introduce a substantially horizontal flow of emulsion into the tank; a first liquid outlet from the tank; a second liquid outlet from the tank which, in use, is above said first liquid outlet; and an electrostatically charged plate which, in use, is angled at an angle θ of greater than 0° and less than 90° to the horizontal and which is located so as to direct liquid coalesced thereon towards the first outlet and not towards said second outlet. According to a second aspect there is provided a method of separating components of an emulsion using such a coalescer.
Abstract:
Disclosed is a method for capturing and recycling iron catalyst used in the production of haloalkane compounds and more particularly, to an improved process for the manufacture of the compound 1,1,1,3,3-pentachloropropane (HCC-240fa), in which an electromagnetic separation unit (EMSU) is used to facilitate the reaction. When energized, the EMSU functions to remove all iron particles from the reactor effluent; when de-energized, the iron particles captured by the EMSU can be flushed back into the reactor for re-use in the continued production of HCC-240fa. The present invention is also useful in the manufacturing processes for other haloalkane compounds such as HCC-250 and HCC-360.
Abstract:
An air pollution control system includes an emission treatment system configured to receive flue gas, to reduce at least one pollutant therefrom, and to output emission treated flue gas. A first air heater in fluid communication with the emission treatment system includes a heat exchanger for heating forced air introduced thereto above a base temperature and thereby cooling emission treated flue gas from the emission treatment system to a stack discharge temperature. A second air heater in fluid communication with the first air heater to receive heated forced air therefrom includes a heat exchanger for heating forced air introduced thereto to a preheat temperature for combustion in a boiler and thereby cooling flue gas introduced from a boiler to the second air heater to an emission treatment temperature. The second air heater is in fluid communication with the emission treatment system to introduce cooled flue gas thereto.
Abstract:
An air pollution control system includes an emission treatment system configured to receive flue gas, to reduce at least one pollutant therefrom, and to output emission treated flue gas. A first air heater in fluid communication with the emission treatment system includes a heat exchanger for heating forced air introduced thereto above a base temperature and thereby cooling emission treated flue gas from the emission treatment system to a stack discharge temperature. A second air heater in fluid communication with the first air heater to receive heated forced air therefrom includes a heat exchanger for heating forced air introduced thereto to a preheat temperature for combustion in a boiler and thereby cooling flue gas introduced from a boiler to the second air heater to an emission treatment temperature. The second air heater is in fluid communication with the emission treatment system to introduce cooled flue gas thereto.
Abstract:
Decomposition is performed with the application of the method and apparatus by separating solid contaminants from the emulsion, absorbing CO2 gas in the emulsion, thereby switching the emulsion type from W/O to O/W, pre-heating the emulsion utilizing a heat regenerator (32), setting the stability minimum of the emulsion by adjusting the pH, resolving the emulsion in an electrochemical decomposition reactor (38) by passing it between an anode made of electrochemically active material and a cathode made of electrochemically inactive material, while the colloid particles of the emulsion are bound in flocks forming a foam utilizing as a flocculant the compound produced in situ from the electrochemically active anode, —discharging the foam produced in the above step, and—discharging the decontaminated water through a final settlement tank (47) and/or a final filter (44) and a heat regenerator (32).
Abstract:
A microfluidic system (1) for the isolation of cells (C1) of at least one given type from a sample; the system (1) comprises a separation unit (3), - for transferring at least part of the cells (Cl) of the given type from a main chamber (4) to a recovery chamber (5) in a substantially selective way with respect to further cells (C2) of the sample; two valves (9, 10) are set upstream and downstream of the main chamber (4); two valves (11, 12) are set upstream and downstream of the recovery chamber (5); a control assembly (23) is designed to govern the aforementioned valves (9, 10, 11, 12); the system (1) proposed enables isolation of the cells with a high degree of reproducibility and precision.