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    Microporous sheet material, method of making and articles made therewith
    113.
    发明授权
    Microporous sheet material, method of making and articles made therewith 失效
    微孔板材，制造方法和制成的制品

    公开(公告)号：US4539256A

    公开(公告)日：1985-09-03

    申请号：US583288

    申请日：1984-02-28

    Applicant: Gene H. Shipman

    Inventor： Gene H. Shipman

    IPC: B29C55/00 ,  C08J5/18 ,  C08J9/228 ,  C08J9/28 ,  H01M2/14 ,  B29D27/04 ,  B32B3/10

    CPC classification number: B01D67/002 ,  B01D71/06 ,  B29C55/005 ,  C08J5/18 ,  C08J9/228 ,  C08J9/28 ,  H01M2/14 ,  C08J2201/0543 ,  C08J2201/0546 ,  Y10T428/249978 ,  Y10T428/249986 ,  Y10T428/249987 ,  Y10T428/24999

    Abstract: A method of making a microporous material is provided which comprises the steps of melt blending crystallizable thermoplastic polymer with a compound which is miscible with the thermoplastic polymer at the melting temperature of the polymer but phase separates on cooling at or below the crystallization temperature of the polymer, forming a shaped article of the melt blend, cooling the shaped article to a temperature at which the polymer crystallizes to cause phase separation to occur between the thermoplastic polymer and the compound to provide an article comprising a first phase comprising particles of crystallized thermoplastic polymer in a second phase of said compound, orienting the article in at least one direction to provide a network of interconnected micropores throughout. The microporous article comprises about 30 to 80 parts by weight crystallizable thermoplastic polymer and about 70 to 20 parts by weight of the compound. The oriented article has a microporous structure characterized by a multiplicity of spaced randomly dispersed, equiaxed, non-uniform shaped particles of the thermoplastic polymer which are coated with the compound. Adjacent thermoplastic particles within the article are connected to each other by a plurality of fibrils consisting of the thermoplastic polymer. The fibrils radiate in three dimensions from each particle. The compound may be removed from the sheet article. e.g., by solvent extraction. The preferred article is a sheet material.

    Abstract translation: 提供了一种制备微孔材料的方法，其包括以下步骤：将可结晶的热塑性聚合物与在聚合物的熔融温度下与热塑性聚合物混溶的化合物熔融共混，但是在聚合物的结晶温度或低于聚合物的结晶温度下冷却时相分离 ，形成熔融共混物的成形制品，将成型制品冷却至聚合物结晶的温度，使得在热塑性聚合物和化合物之间发生相分离，以提供包含第一相的制品，该第一相包含结晶的热塑性聚合物颗粒 所述化合物的第二阶段，使制品沿至少一个方向定向以提供整个相互连接的微孔的网络。 该微孔制品包含约30至80重量份的可结晶的热塑性聚合物和约70至20重量份的该化合物。 定向制品具有微孔结构，其特征在于涂覆有化合物的多个间隔开的无规分散的等轴不均匀成型的热塑性聚合物颗粒。 制品内相邻的热塑性颗粒通过由热塑性聚合物组成的多个原纤维相互连接。 原纤维从每个颗粒三维辐射。 化合物可以从片材制品中除去。 例如通过溶剂萃取。 优选的物品是片材。

    Microporous products
    114.
    发明授权
    Microporous products 失效
    微孔产品

    公开(公告)号：US4519909A

    公开(公告)日：1985-05-28

    申请号：US97474

    申请日：1979-11-23

    Applicant: Anthony J. Castro

    Inventor： Anthony J. Castro

    IPC: A01N25/10 ,  B41N7/00 ,  C08J9/28 ,  C09K3/14 ,  B01D31/00

    CPC classification number: A01N25/10 ,  B41N7/00 ,  C08J9/28 ,  C09K3/149 ,  C08J2201/052 ,  C08J2201/0543 ,  C08J2201/0546

    Abstract: Novel microporous polymers in forms ranging from films to blocks and intricate shapes from synthetic thermoplastic polymers, such as, olefinic, condensation, and oxidation polymers, are disclosed. In one embodiment the microporous polymers are characterized by a relatively homogeneous, three-dimensional cellular structure having cells connected by pores of smaller dimension. Also disclosed are microporous polymer products which contain relatively large amounts of functionally useful liquids and behave as solids.

    Abstract translation: 公开了从合成热塑性聚合物（例如烯烃，缩合和氧化聚合物）的薄膜到块状和复杂形状的新型微孔聚合物。 在一个实施方案中，微孔聚合物的特征在于具有通过较小尺寸的孔连接的细胞的相对均匀的三维细胞结构。 还公开了含有相对大量功能上有用的液体并表现为固体的微孔聚合物产品。

    Method for manufacturing microporous membrane
    115.
    发明授权
    Method for manufacturing microporous membrane 失效
    微多孔膜的制造方法

    公开(公告)号：US4466931A

    公开(公告)日：1984-08-21

    申请号：US405226

    申请日：1982-08-05

    Applicant: Gerald B. Tanny

    Inventor： Gerald B. Tanny

    IPC: B01D39/16 ,  B01D67/00 ,  B01D69/10 ,  B29C67/20 ,  C08F2/04 ,  C08F2/46 ,  C08J9/26 ,  C08J9/28 ,  B29D27/04

    CPC classification number: B01D67/0006 ,  B29C67/202 ,  C08J9/28 ,  C08J2201/0543 ,  C08J2201/0546

    Abstract: The starting materials for the practice of the present invention are (1) one or more organic monomers or oligomers which upon irradiation very rapidly undergo a polymerization reaction to form a solid polymer; and (2) a liquid vehicle in which the one or more organic monomers or oligomers are soluble but in which the polymer formed is insoluble. For the manufacture of microporous membrane in accordance with the invention the monomers or oligomers are dissolved in the liquid vehicle, the resulting solution is formed into a thin layer, and the thin layer of the solution is then irradiated as with ultraviolet or electron beam radiation whereupon the rapid polymerization reaction immediately ensues and the polymer formed immediately segregates from the vehicle thereby resulting in microporous membrane from which the vehicle can be removed as by evaporation or washing. Because the radiation-induced polymerization reaction and the segregation of the polymer formed are so rapid, the membrane formed has cells and communications therebetween of very small dimensions thereby providing the microporous structure. Where ultraviolet radiation is used the solution also includes a photoinitiator.

    Abstract translation: 用于实施本发明的起始材料是（1）一种或多种有机单体或低聚物，其在照射时非常快速地进行聚合反应以形成固体聚合物; 和（2）一种或多种有机单体或低聚物可溶于其中形成的聚合物不溶的液态载体。 为了制造根据本发明的微多孔膜，将单体或低聚物溶解在液体载体中，将所得溶液形成为薄层，然后用紫外线或电子束辐射照射该溶液的薄层， 迅速聚合反应立即发生，形成的聚合物立即与载体分离，从而产生微孔膜，通过蒸发或洗涤可以从中除去载体。 因为辐射诱导的聚合反应和形成的聚合物的偏析如此之快，所形成的膜具有非常小尺寸的电池和通信，从而提供微孔结构。 在使用紫外线的情况下，溶液还包括光引发剂。

    Method for manufacturing a microporous film having low electrical resistance and high durability
    116.
    发明授权
    Method for manufacturing a microporous film having low electrical resistance and high durability 失效
    具有低电阻和高耐久性的微孔膜的制造方法

    公开(公告)号：US4331622A

    公开(公告)日：1982-05-25

    申请号：US111971

    申请日：1980-01-14

    Applicant: Yoshinao Doi ,  Osamu Fujii ,  Shigeo Kaneko ,  Takeo Hanamura

    Inventor： Yoshinao Doi ,  Osamu Fujii ,  Shigeo Kaneko ,  Takeo Hanamura

    IPC: B29C67/20 ,  C08J9/28 ,  H01M2/16 ,  B29D27/00

    CPC classification number: C08J9/28 ,  B29C67/202 ,  H01M2/1653 ,  C08J2201/0543 ,  C08J2201/0546 ,  C08J2323/02 ,  H01M2300/0005

    Abstract: A microporous film which comprises a matrix comprising 40 to 90 volume percent of a polyolefin having a number average molecular weight of 15,000 or more and 10 to 60 volume percent of an inorganic filler, said matrix having therein void spaces at a rate of 30 to 75 volume percent based on the volume of the film; and 2 to 20 weight percent, based on the total weight of the polyolefin and the inorganic filler, of an organic substance which is substantially insoluble in and inert to sulfuric acid and has a solubility parameter ranging from 7.3 inclusive to 8.4 exclusive; said organic substance, in its majority, adhering to the overall surface of the film including the outer surfaces of the film and the surfaces of the polyolefin walls defining said void spaces in cooperation with said inorganic filler.

    Abstract translation: 一种微孔膜，其包含基质，其包含40至90体积％的数均分子量为15,000以上且10至60体积％的无机填料的聚烯烃，所述基质具有30至75的空隙空间 体积百分比基于电影的数量; 和基于聚烯烃和无机填料的总重量的2至20重量％的基本上不溶于硫酸并且对硫酸具有惰性的有机物质，其溶解度参数范围为7.3以上8.4以下; 所述有机物质在大多数情况下，与所述无机填料配合，附着在膜的整个表面上，包括膜的外表面和限定所述空隙空间的聚烯烃壁的表面。

    Metal-doped organic foam
    117.
    发明授权
    Metal-doped organic foam 失效
    金属掺杂有机泡沫

    公开(公告)号：US4325737A

    公开(公告)日：1982-04-20

    申请号：US197465

    申请日：1980-10-16

    Applicant: James A. Rinde

    Inventor： James A. Rinde

    IPC: C08J9/28 ,  C08L1/12 ,  C08L1/08

    CPC classification number: C08J9/28 ,  C08J2201/0546

    Abstract: Organic foams having a low density and very small cell size and method for producing same in either a metal-loaded or unloaded (nonmetal loaded) form are described. Metal-doped foams are produced by soaking a polymer gel in an aqueous solution of desired metal salt, soaking the gel successively in a solvent series of decreasing polarity to remove water from the gel and replace it with a solvent of lower polarity with each successive solvent in the series being miscible with the solvents on each side and being saturated with the desired metal salt, and removing the last of the solvents from the gel to produce the desired metal-doped foam having desired density cell size, and metal loading. The unloaded or metal-doped foams can be utilized in a variety of applications requiring low density, small cell size foam. For example, rubidium-doped foam made in accordance with the invention has utility in special applications, such as in x-ray lasers.

    Abstract translation: 描述了具有低密度和非常小的泡孔尺寸的有机泡沫体以及用于以金属加载或卸载（非金属加载）形式生产的有机泡沫体。 通过将聚合物凝胶浸渍在所需金属盐的水溶液中来制备金属掺杂的泡沫，将凝胶依次以极性降低的溶剂系列浸泡以从凝胶中除去水，并用每个相继的溶剂代替低极性的溶剂 该系列与每一侧上的溶剂混溶并被所需的金属盐饱和，并从凝胶中除去最后的溶剂以产生具有所需密度单元尺寸和金属负载的所需金属掺杂泡沫。 无负载或金属掺杂的泡沫可用于需要低密度，小泡孔泡沫的各种应用中。 例如，根据本发明制成的掺杂铷的泡沫可用于特殊应用中，例如在x射线激光器中。

    Opaque, microcellular films from latex compositions, process and composition for preparing the same
    118.
    发明授权
    Opaque, microcellular films from latex compositions, process and composition for preparing the same 失效
    来自胶乳组合物的不透明的微孔膜，其制备方法和组合物

    公开(公告)号：US3951899A

    公开(公告)日：1976-04-20

    申请号：US151735

    申请日：1971-06-10

    Applicant: Jerome A. Seiner

    Inventor： Jerome A. Seiner

    IPC: C08J9/28 ,  C09D5/02 ,  C09D157/00 ,  C08L9/10 ,  C08L13/02

    CPC classification number: C09D5/02 ,  C08J9/28 ,  C09D157/00 ,  C08J2201/048 ,  C08J2201/05 ,  C08J2201/0546

    Abstract: The disclosed invention relates to films from a novel latex mixture which are non-porous, microcellular and opaque in the absence of an opacifying agent. The preparation of the films of the disclosed invention comprises providing control techniques for entrapping a sufficient amount of a liquid non-solvent for the polymer in the polymer matrix of a latex after the continuous phase removal, so that upon evaporation of the non-solvent from a coalesced and tack-free polymer matrix, a resulting opaque and continuous, non-porous film is produced which will have minute, discrete and substantially closed voids and which is opaque in the absence of an opacifying agent such as pigment.The disclosed invention also relates to opaque films with enhanced optical properties produced by the inclusion of pigments, fluorescent materials and optical brighteners in the opaque films in such a manner as to maximize their effectiveness therein.

    Abstract translation: 所公开的发明涉及在不存在不透明剂的情况下来自无孔，微孔和不透明的新型胶乳混合物的膜。 所公开的发明的膜的制备包括提供控制技术，用于在连续除去之后将聚合物的足够量的液体非溶剂包封在胶乳的聚合物基质中，使得当非溶剂从 产生聚结和无粘性的聚合物基质，产生不透明和连续的非多孔膜，其将具有微小的，离散的和基本上闭合的空隙，并且在不存在不透明剂如颜料的情况下是不透明的。

    Preparation of asymmetric polymer membranes
    119.
    发明授权
    Preparation of asymmetric polymer membranes 失效
    不对称聚合物膜的制备

    公开(公告)号：US3852388A

    公开(公告)日：1974-12-03

    申请号：US35242873

    申请日：1973-04-19

    Applicant: GEN ELECTRIC

    Inventor： KIMURA S

    IPC: B01D67/00 ,  B01D69/02 ,  B01D71/52 ,  C08J9/28 ,  B29D27/04 ,  B01D39/16

    CPC classification number: C08J9/28 ,  B01D67/0011 ,  B01D67/0013 ,  B01D69/02 ,  B01D71/52 ,  B01D2323/12 ,  B01D2325/022 ,  C08J2201/0543 ,  C08J2201/0546 ,  Y10S264/14 ,  Y10T428/249961 ,  Y10T428/249979 ,  Y10T428/249989 ,  Y10T428/268

    Abstract: A method is disclosed for the preparation (by the utilization of a proper solvent system) of dry asymmetric membranes comprising a porous layer of interconnected crystals of polymer material. Membranes of many polymer materials may be optionally prepared either with or without a dense surface layer as one face thereof. In either case the porous layer is structured with graded porosity. A three-component casting solution is prepared containing the polymer, a first good volatile solvent for the polymer and (relative to the first solvent) a poor less-volatile solvent for the polymer, which is miscible with the good solvent. A membrane is cast at room temperature, allowed to desolvate at room temperature for a short time and is then immersed in a precipitating agent, that is miscible with both the aforementioned solvents but is a non-solvent for the polymer. The membrane is then permitted to dry.

    Abstract translation: 公开了一种用于制备干燥不对称膜（通过使用合适的溶剂体系）的方法，其包括聚合物材料的互连晶体的多孔层。 许多聚合物材料的膜可以任选地制备为具有或不具有致密表面层作为其一个面。 在任一种情况下，多孔层均具有渐变孔隙度。 制备含有聚合物的三组分流延溶液，用于聚合物的第一良好的挥发性溶剂和（相对于第一溶剂）聚合物的差的易挥发溶剂，其与良溶剂可混溶。 将膜在室温下浇铸，在室温下短时间脱盐，然后浸入与上述溶剂混溶的沉淀剂中，但是是聚合物的非溶剂。 然后允许膜干燥。

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