Abstract:
A process by which a fluorosulfonyl fluoride compound useful as, e.g., a material for ion-exchange membranes can be efficiently produced at low cost without structural limitations while eliminating difficulties in production. The process comprises reacting XSO2RA-E1 (1) with RB-E2 (2) to obtain XSO¿2?R?A-E-RB¿ (3), reacting the compound (3) with fluorine in a liquid phase to obtain FSO¿2?R?AF-EF-RBF¿ (4), and decomposing the compound (4) to obtain FSO¿2?R?AF-EF1¿ (5). In the formulae, RA represents a divalent organic group; E1 represents a monovalent reactive group; RB represents a monovalent organic group; E2 represents a monovalent group reactive with E1; E represents a divalent connecting group formed by the reaction of E?1 with E2; RAF¿ represents a divalent organic group formed by the fluorination of RA, etc.; RBF represents the same group as RB, etc.; EF represents a divalent connecting group formed by the fluorination of E, etc.; EF1 represents a monovalent group formed by the decomposition of EF; and X represents a halogen atom.
Abstract:
A method for producing a fluorine-containing alkyl ether is disclosed wherein a sufficient reaction rate can be attained even under mild conditions. This method enables to efficiently perform post-processes such as distillation following the reaction. After introducing a polar non-protic solvent, a fluorine-containing ether, a catalyst, a fluorine-containing alkyl alcohol and a fluorinated olefin into a reaction vessel, the fluorine-containing alkyl alcohol and the fluorinated olefin are reacted with each other so as to produce a fluorine-containing alkyl ether. In this method for producing a fluorine-containing alkyl ether, the mass ratio between the polar non-protic solvent and the fluorine-containing ether introduced in the reaction vessel (polar non-protic solvent/fluorine-containing ether) is from 5/95 to 80/20.
Abstract:
A membrane electrode assembly for solid polymer fuel cells which is excellent in water repellency and gas diffusion and exhibits a high power density can be produced by using as the electrolyte material a polymer obtained by subjecting a sulfonated fluoropolymer which is excellent in gas diffusion and has alicyclic structures in the backbone chain to improvement in water repellency by fluorination with fluorine gas and stabilization of molecular ends. The fluoropolymer is preferably a copolymer comprising repeating units derived from a monomer (A) and repeating units derived from a monomer (B): monomer (A): a perfluoromonomer capable of giving through radical polymerization a polymer comprising cyclic repeating units in the backbone chain, and monomer (B): CF2=CF-(OCF2CFY)m-Op-(CF2)n-SO3H (wherein Y is fluoro or trifluoromethyl; m is an integer of 0 to 3; p is 0 or 1; and n is an integer of 1 to 12).
Abstract:
An optical head comprising a voltage-supply phase correction device for continuously varying the wave front profile of light emitted from a light source in a plane. An anisotropic optical medium is held between a pair of substrates each having a surface provided with an electrode for applying a voltage to the anisotropic optical medium. Two or more power supply parts are formed in different positions on at least one of the electrode, thus fabricating a phase correction device where a different voltage is supplied to each power supply part. The phase correction device is disposed between the collimating lens and the quarter-wave plate of the optical head. The optical head has a decreased number of control circuits for supplying a voltage to the phase correction device for varying the wave front profile continuously. Such a phase correction device having two or more power supply parts electrically connected through a thin film resistor made of a conductive thin film is fabricated and built in an optical head.
Abstract:
An optical element able to realize a response equal to or faster than that of a conventional one without depending on an incident polarization. The optical element comprises transparent substrates (5, 6), a lattice (2A) formed on the transparent substrate (5) by using an isotropic-refractive-index solid material and having a sectional structure of a cyclic unevenness, blue-phase liquid crystals (2B) filled in the recesses of the lattice (2A) having cyclic unevenness and having refractive index thereof changed isotropically, and transparent electrodes (3, 4) for applying a voltage to the blue-phase liquid crystals (2B), wherein a diffraction element (10) is formed by diffraction lattices (1) each consisting of a lattice (2A) and a blue-phase liquid crystal (2B), and the refractive index of the blue-phase liquid crystals (2B) constituting the diffraction element (10) is changed by a voltage applied via the transparent electrodes (3, 4).