Abstract:
Bekannte Behälter zur Behandlung von Werkstücken oder von Materialien sehen Möglichkeiten zur induktiven Beheizung vor, wobei es sich bei diesen Behältern um offene Konstruktionen handelt. Bei manchen Prozessen, die üblicherweise im Durchlaufverfahren stattfinden, werden jedoch zu unterschiedlichen Zeiten verschiedene Prozessparameter benötigt. Die vorliegende Erfindung lässt diese Durchlaufverfahren energiesparend innerhalb der einzelnen Behälter ablaufen, so dass eine Erhitzung und Abkühlung, die Anpassung des Atmosphärendrucks, der Luftfeuchtigkeit und anderer Parameter, sowie zusätzlich die Kapselung gesundheitsgefährdender Stoffe in diesem Behälter ermöglicht werden. Dies gelingt durch einen hermetisch abdichtbaren und vakuumisolierten Behälter mit einer Zugangsöffnung zur Beschickung mit Werkstücken und Material.
Abstract:
Container (1) for the thermal conditioning of a fluid under pressure, which is bounded over at least part of its surface facing the outside by at least one external plate (3) and facing the inside by at least one internal plate (4), the external plate (3) being thicker than the internal plate (4), the external plate and the internal plate being joined together in places so as to define a space (2) between the joints (5) for the circulation of a heat-transfer fluid and the container (1) being provided with means (8) intended for adjusting the pressure of the heat-transfer fluid to that of the fluid under pressure. Use of the container for the thermally conditioning of a fluid under pressure. Chemical reactor consisting of the said container and polymerization process using the said reactor. Method of producing the said container and the said reactor.
Abstract:
The invention relates to the field of powder metallurgy, in particular to the design of autoclaves for manufacturing of composite materials by treatment of workpieces of discrete materials, mostly powders, at high pressures and temperatures. The autoclave module contains the vessel that includes hermetically sealed movable end closures, the rams restricting the axial shift of these closures, and the pressure yoke with columns and winding made of high-strength steel wire, whereby the pressure yoke is made in the form of three oval yoke sections - two lateral sections encompassing the rams, and one central section encompassing the rams and the vessel with closures, all of them equidistant from each other on the ram's length, whereby each of the lateral oval sections is made in such a way as to allow opposite shift while the central section is made in such a way as to allow shift in the direction which is perpendicular to the vessel's axis and parallel to the rams' axis, for a length ensuring free withdrawal of the rams and the end closures. The invention allows to reduce the metal consumption of the pressure module by a factor of 2 to 3 compared to the known analogs, and to enhance the reliability and the operational safety of the apparatus.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a high-pressure device (1) having a cylindrical high-pressure vessel (3) and prestressing means in order to exert an axial pressure on the vessel. The vessel (3) can have been formed from a number of layers of composite material, such as glass, carbon or aramide fibres which are oriented in the peripheral direction and are embedded in a matrix of epoxy resin or polyurethane. By applying the axial prestress to the pressure vessel (3), the tangential stress is distributed more uniformly over the wall thickness of the high-pressure vessel (3), the stress decreasing at the inside of the wall and increasing at the outside thereof. As a result, the innermost fibres of a high-pressure vessel (3) made of composite material are subjected to appreciably less stress, which has a beneficial effect on the life of the high-pressure vessel (3), and all fibres of the wall are utilised effectively. Preferably, the prestressing means comprise a pressure ring (14) which can be brought into engagement around the pressure-generating piston (9) with one end face of the high-pressure vessel (3).
Abstract:
A reaction block assembly of reaction vessels for conducting chemical reactions under pressure. The assembly includes a heat conductive reactive block having reaction vessel receiving openings formed in the block. A heat exchanger is mounted in heat transfer engagement with some of the exterior walls of the reaction block. The heat exchangers can operate in different modes, to provide a heat differential across the reaction block. A reaction vessel is positioned in each reaction vessel receiving opening in the block. A cap is attached to each reaction vessel and a cannula opening is formed in each cap. A cannula passage is connected at one end to a cannula opening in each cap and it has a septum at the other end. A valve controls each cannula passage. An operating mechanism is provided for opening and closing each cannula passage controlling valve. The reaction block assembly may be used to determine when the reaction of a solution in a reaction vessel is completed. This is accomplished by using a calibration curve comparing the frequency of rotation of the stirring bar with the viscosity of the reaction solution in which the frequency is inversely proportional to the viscosity. The time interval at which the stir bar decouples from rotation with the driving magnet is determined. This time interval of decoupling is compared with the calibration table to determine the viscosity of the solution at the time the reaction was completed which takes place at the time the stir bar was decoupled.
Abstract:
Method for the safety and extension of the operating life of pressure equipment comprising an internal chamber suitable for containing a process fluid, surrounded by a pressure-resistant body (1) equipped with weep-holes (2), consisting of a material subject to corrosion by contact with said process fluid during operation, coated inside with an anticorrosive lining (4) made up of several elements welded to each other, wherein said lining weldings (3) are completely isolated from contact with the process fluid of the normal operating run, by a coating with adjoining strips (or plates) (10, 10', 10', 10'''), of the same material as said lining (4) or other corrosion-resistant material weldable thereto, which are subsequently seal-welded on the edges to said lining (4) and to each other, characterized in that the arrangement and welding of the edges of these strips (10, 10', 10', 10''') are such as to create a network of underlying interstices (or meati) (9, 11), communicating with each other and with at least one weep-hole (2).
Abstract:
A method and apparatus for microwave sterilizing, disinfecting or otherwise heating materials, objects, liquids and the like under pressure is disclosed. The invention utilizes the generation and transmission of single-mode, noninterfering coaxial microwaves from multiple sources (30) into the material to be treated placed inside a container (26) which is within a treatment chamber (20) of a microwave pressure vessel (12). As a result, a more efficient transfer of microwave energy into the material to be treated is obtained.