Abstract:
A display module includes a first panel configured to implement an image, a second panel having barriers for implementing a three-dimensional image, the second panel covering the first panel, a resin layer filling a gap between the first and second panels, and a support unit formed adjacent to at least one end of the resin layer to maintain the gap, the support unit configured to support the second panel.
Abstract:
A semiconductor optical modulator according to the present invention includes a first semiconductor optical waveguide having a laminated structure including a core layer, a first clad layer, a second clad layer, and a barrier layer, the first clad layer and the second clad layer being disposed below and above the core layer, the barrier layer being inserted between the second clad layer and the core layer; a second semiconductor optical waveguide having a laminated structure in which the second clad layer has a p-type semiconductor penetrating locally through a n-type semiconductor in a laminated direction in the laminated structure of the first semiconductor optical waveguide; a first electrode connected to the first clad layer of the first semiconductor optical waveguide; and a second electrode electrically connecting the second clad layer of the first semiconductor optical waveguide and the p-type semiconductor of the second clad layer of the second semiconductor optical waveguide.
Abstract:
A light modulator of waveguide type (40) comprises electrooptic substrate (1), an optical waveguide (2) for guiding light wave, a traveling wave type signal electrode (3) for controlling the guided light, and a grounding electrode (4). A buffer layer (6), having a width W greater than the width omega of the traveling wave type signal electrode (3), is formed only under traveling wave type signal electrode (3), and the buffer layer is buried at least in part into the surface portion of the substrate (1).
Abstract:
An electrooptical device characterized by comprising a ferroelectric substrate which is made of a single crystal having an electrooptical effect, and has an optical waveguide in which titanium is thermally diffused on a major surface and an axis along which the electrooptical effect is induced is parallel to the major surface, a heat-treated buffer layer provided on the major surface, an electrode provided on a part of the buffer layer, and a protective layer provided at least in an area where the electrode is not formed on the buffer layer in order to prevent the buffer layer from being contaminated.
Abstract:
A method for fabricating titanium-indiffusion waveguides in optical modulators and other optical waveguide devices includes disposing titanium strips in a waveguide pattern on the surface of a crystalline substrate, such as lithium niobate or lithium tantalate, and indiffusing the titanium atoms into the crystalline substrate by pressurizing above ambient atmospheric pressure an oxygen gas atmosphere enclosing the crystalline substrate, heating in the oxygen gas atmosphere, maintaining temperature and pressure for an indiffusion period, and cooling to ambient temperature. A powder formed of the same chemical composition as the crystalline substrate may be introduced into the indiffusion process to limit the crystalline substrate from outgassing alkaline earth metal oxide during the indiffusion period. An indiffusion container that allows for crystalline substrates to be annealed in the presence of a powder without contaminating the substrate with the powder during the indiffusion process may be used. Waveguides manufactured in accordance with the method exhibit superior drift performance.
Abstract:
In one aspect of the invention, a method for pressurized annealing of lithium niobate or lithium tantalate structures, such as optical modulators and optical wave guides, comprises pressurizing an oxygen atmosphere containing a lithium niobate or lithium tantalate structure above normal atmospheric pressure, heating the structure to a temperature ranging from about 150 degrees Celsius to about 1000 degrees Celsius, maintaining pressure and temperature to effect ion exchange or to relieve stress, and cooling the structure to an ambient temperature at an appropriate ramp down rate. In another aspect of the invention a lithium niobate structure such as an optical waveguide or an optical modulator comprises an optically transparent portion that is substantially void of free protons.
Abstract:
An optical device, such as an electro-absorption modulator (100), has a waveguide (102) formed onto a base (104). Electrodes (112) adjacent the waveguide (102) are used to selectively apply an electric field to the device in order to control the passage of light through the device. To prevent overheating of the device in a region near the point of optical entry (120), the electrode (112), which acts as a thermal conduit to dissipate heat from the waveguide (102) is extended over the region. To prevent undesirable electrical contact between the electrode (112) and the region (120), the normally electrically conducting contact layer (110) between the electrode (112) and the waveguide (102) is removed in that region (120) and replaced by an isolation dielectric (140).