公开(公告)号：US20120014470A1

公开(公告)日：2012-01-19

申请号：US13242073

申请日：2011-09-23

Applicant: Pak Shing Cho ,  Jacob Khurgin ,  Isaac Shpantzer

Inventor： Pak Shing Cho ,  Jacob Khurgin ,  Isaac Shpantzer

IPC: H04L27/20 ,  H04L27/18 ,  H04B10/04

CPC classification number: G02F1/225 ,  G02F2201/126 ,  G02F2203/06 ,  H04B10/2543 ,  H04B10/505 ,  H04B10/5053 ,  H04B10/5057 ,  H04B10/50577 ,  H04B10/508 ,  H04B10/532 ,  H04B10/541 ,  H04B10/5561 ,  H04B10/60 ,  H04J14/005 ,  H04J14/02 ,  H04J14/08 ,  H04L7/0075

Abstract: The method and system are disclosed for automatic feedback control of integrated optical quadrature modulator for generation of optical quaternary phase-shift-keyed signal in coherent optical communications. The method comprises the steps of detecting at least a part of an output optical signal from the QPSK modulator, extracting of a particular portion of the output signal in frequency domain, and processing the signal in frequency domain to optimize the transmission of an optical link. The system and method of optical communications in fiber or free space are disclosed that implement the quadrature data modulator with automatic feedback control.

Abstract translation: 公开了用于在相干光通信中生成光四级相移键控信号的集成光学正交调制器的自动反馈控制的方法和系统。 该方法包括以下步骤：检测来自QPSK调制器的输出光信号的至少一部分，在频域中提取输出信号的特定部分，以及处理频域中的信号以优化光链路的传输。 公开了光纤或自由空间中的光通信的系统和方法，其实现具有自动反馈控制的正交数据调制器。

公开(公告)号：US20110170161A1

公开(公告)日：2011-07-14

申请号：US12685895

申请日：2010-01-12

Applicant: Douglas M. Gill ,  Mahmoud Rasras

Inventor： Douglas M. Gill ,  Mahmoud Rasras

IPC: G02F1/015

CPC classification number: G02F1/025 ,  G02F1/218 ,  G02F1/225 ,  G02F2001/212 ,  G02F2201/126 ,  G02F2201/16

Abstract: An apparatus includes an optical splitter, an optical intensity combiner, first and second Mach-Zehnder interferometers, and first and second drive electrodes. The first Mach-Zehnder interferometer connects a first optical output of the optical intensity splitter to a first optical input of the optical intensity combiner. The second Mach-Zehnder interferometer connects a second optical output of the optical intensity splitter to a second optical input of the optical intensity combiner. The first drive electrode is located between and connected to a pair of semiconductor junctions along first internal optical arms of the Mach-Zehnder interferometers. The second drive electrode is located between and connected to a pair of semiconductor junctions along second internal optical arms of the Mach-Zehnder interferometers.

Abstract translation: 一种装置包括光分路器，光强度组合器，第一和第二马赫 - 策德尔干涉仪以及第一和第二驱动电极。 第一马赫 - 策德尔干涉仪将光强度分离器的第一光输出连接到光强度组合器的第一光输入端。 第二马赫 - 策德尔干涉仪将光强度分离器的第二光输出连接到光强度组合器的第二光输入端。 第一驱动电极位于沿着Mach-Zehnder干涉仪的第一内部光学臂的一对半导体结之间并连接到该半导体结。 第二驱动电极位于沿着Mach-Zehnder干涉仪的第二内部光学臂的一对半导体结之间并连接到该半导体结。

公开(公告)号：US07460739B2

公开(公告)日：2008-12-02

申请号：US10527607

申请日：2003-09-09

Applicant: Giovanni Gilardi ,  Paolo Milanese ,  Simone Pensa

Inventor： Giovanni Gilardi ,  Paolo Milanese ,  Simone Pensa

IPC: G02F1/295

CPC classification number: G02F1/2255 ,  G02F1/035 ,  G02F2201/126

Abstract: An optical modulator comprises a Z-cut lithium niobate substrate (21) on which is formed a Mach-Zehnder interferometer having two generally parallel waveguides (23, 25) lying beneath a buffer layer of dielectric material (27). First and second ground electrodes (29, 33) and a hot electrode (31) are disposed on the buffer layer (27), the first and second ground electrodes (29, 33) being spaced either side of the hot electrode (31), the hot electrode (31) and the first ground electrode (29) being proximate to at least apart of the respective waveguides (25, 23). The electrode structure is unsymmetrical in that (a) the hot electrode and the first ground electrode each have a width substantially less than that of the second ground electrode and or (b) the spacing between the first ground and hot electrodes is different from the spacing between the second ground and hot electrodes. whereby a range of chirp values can be obtained. When the spacing (G1) between the first ground and hot electrodes (29, 31) is smaller than the spacing (G2) between the second ground and hot electrodes (33, 31), and preferably the hot and first ground electrodes have a width not exceeding 15 μm, the modulator is capable of operation at frequencies above 10 GHz, possibly up to around 40 GHz.

Abstract translation: 光学调制器包括Z切割的铌酸锂衬底（21），其上形成有马赫 - 曾德尔干涉仪，其具有位于电介质材料（27）的缓冲层下方的两个大致平行的波导（23,25）。 第一和第二接地电极（29,33）和热电极（31）设置在缓冲层（27）上，第一和第二接地电极（29,33）与热电极（31）的任一侧隔开， 热电极（31）和第一接地电极（29）接近相应波导（25,23）的至少一部分。 电极结构是不对称的，其中（a）热电极和第一接地电极的宽度明显小于第二接地电极的宽度，和（b）第一接地电极和热电极之间的间距不同于间隔 在第二接地和热电极之间。 由此可以获得啁啾值的范围。 当第一接地电极和热电极（29,31）之间的间隔（G1）小于第二接地电极和热电极（33,31）之间的间隔（G2）时，优选地，热和第一接地电极的宽度 不超过15um，调制器能够在高于10GHz，可能高达约40GHz的频率下工作。

公开(公告)号：US20080230867A1

公开(公告)日：2008-09-25

申请号：US12150525

申请日：2008-04-29

Applicant: Giovanni Richieri

Inventor： Giovanni Richieri

IPC: H01L27/06

CPC classification number: H01L29/417 ,  G02F2001/0155 ,  G02F2201/126

Abstract: A process for forming an ohmic contact on the back surface of a semiconductor body includes depositing a donor layer on the back surface of the semiconductor body followed by a sintering step to form a shallow intermetallic region capable of forming a low resistance contact with a contact metal.

公开(公告)号：US07082237B2

公开(公告)日：2006-07-25

申请号：US10501807

申请日：2003-01-20

Applicant: Robert Graham Walker ,  Andrew Cannon Carter

Inventor： Robert Graham Walker ,  Andrew Cannon Carter

IPC: G02F1/01 ,  G02F1/35 ,  G02B6/12 ,  G02B6/42 ,  G02B6/26

CPC classification number: G02F1/2257 ,  G02F1/218 ,  G02F1/2255 ,  G02F2001/212 ,  G02F2201/126 ,  G02F2202/101

Abstract: A Mach-Zehnder interferometer modulator for modulating a beam of laser light includes a pair of separate waveguides through which the laser light is passed after splitting in a splitting zone and after which the light is recombined in a merge zone. The waveguides are formed in a semiconductor material with one of the electrodes of each pair being formed in a doped layer while the other electrode, the top electrode, is a surface metalisation. The doped layer is trenched so that adjacent electrodes in the doped layer are electrically isolated from one another so that one of the electrodes in the doped layer can be connected with a different electrical polarity to the other electrode in the doped layer thereby permitting the connection of the pairs of electrodes in parallel anti-phase mode.

Abstract translation: 用于调制激光束的马赫 - 策德尔干涉仪调制器包括一对分离的波导，激光在分裂区域中分裂后通过该波导通过，之后光在合并区域中重新组合。 波导形成在半导体材料中，每对电极中的一个电极形成在掺杂层中，而另一个电极，顶部电极是表面金属化。 掺杂层被沟槽化，使得掺杂层中的相邻电极彼此电绝缘，使得掺杂层中的一个电极可以与掺杂层中的另一个电极的不同的电极连接，从而允许 电极对成并联反相模式。

公开(公告)号：US20060093266A1

公开(公告)日：2006-05-04

申请号：US10527607

申请日：2003-09-09

Applicant: Giovanni Gilardi ,  Paolo Milanese ,  Simone Pensa

Inventor： Giovanni Gilardi ,  Paolo Milanese ,  Simone Pensa

IPC: G02B6/42 ,  G02F1/295

CPC classification number: G02F1/2255 ,  G02F1/035 ,  G02F2201/126

Abstract: An optical modulator comprises a Z-cut lithium niobate substrate (21) on which is formed a Mach-Zehnder interferometer having two generally parallel waveguides (23, 25) lying beneath a buffer layer of dielectric material (27). First and second ground electrodes (29, 33) and a hot electrode (31) are disposed on the buffer layer (27), the first and second ground electrodes (29, 33) being spaced either side of the hot electrode (31), the hot electrode (31) and the first ground electrode (29) being proximate to at least apart of the respective waveguides (25, 23). The electrode structure is unsymmetrical in that (a) the hot electrode and the first ground electrode each have a width substantially less than that of the second ground electrode and or (b) the spacing between the first ground and hot electrodes is different from the spacing between the second ground and hot electrodes. whereby a range of chirp values can be obtained. When the spacing (G1) between the first ground and hot electrodes (29, 31) is smaller than the spacing (G2) between the second ground and hot electrodes (33, 31), and preferably the hot and first ground electrodes have a width not exceeding 15 μm, the modulator is capable of operation at frequencies above 10 GHz, possibly up to around 40 GHz.

Abstract translation: 光学调制器包括Z切割的铌酸锂衬底（21），其上形成有马赫 - 曾德尔干涉仪，其具有位于电介质材料（27）的缓冲层下方的两个大致平行的波导（23,25）。 第一和第二接地电极（29,33）和热电极（31）设置在缓冲层（27）上，第一和第二接地电极（29,33）与热电极（31）的任一侧隔开， 热电极（31）和第一接地电极（29）接近相应波导（25,23）的至少一部分。 电极结构是不对称的，其中（a）热电极和第一接地电极的宽度明显小于第二接地电极的宽度，和（b）第一接地电极和热电极之间的间距不同于间隔 在第二接地和热电极之间。 由此可以获得啁啾值的范围。 当第一接地电极和热电极（29,31）之间的间隔（G 1）小于第二接地电极和热电极（33,31）之间的间隔（G 2）时，优选地，热和第一接地电极具有 宽度不超过15um，调制器能够在高于10GHz，可能高达约40GHz的频率下工作。

公开(公告)号：US20060003514A1

公开(公告)日：2006-01-05

申请号：US11169820

申请日：2005-06-29

Applicant: Giovanni Richieri

Inventor： Giovanni Richieri

IPC: H01L21/8238

CPC classification number: H01L29/417 ,  G02F2001/0155 ,  G02F2201/126

Abstract: A process for forming an ohmic contact on the back surface of a semiconductor body includes depositing a donor layer on the back surface of the semiconductor body followed by a sintering step to form a shallow intermetallic region capable of forming a low resistance contact with a contact metal.

Abstract translation: 在半导体本体的背面上形成欧姆接触的工艺包括在半导体本体的后表面上沉积施主层，随后进行烧结步骤以形成能够与接触金属形成低电阻接触的浅金属间区域 。

公开(公告)号：US20050036725A1

公开(公告)日：2005-02-17

申请号：US10641414

申请日：2003-08-15

Applicant: Juerg Leuthold ,  Xiang Liu ,  Xing Wei

Inventor： Juerg Leuthold ,  Xiang Liu ,  Xing Wei

IPC: G02F1/225 ,  H04B10/155 ,  G02F1/035

CPC classification number: H04B10/505 ,  G02F1/225 ,  G02F2201/126 ,  G02F2203/25 ,  H04B10/5051 ,  H04B10/5053 ,  H04B10/508

Abstract: Systems and techniques for generating optical pulses exhibiting a progressive phase shift, and the use of those pulses to transmit data, are described. One embodiment of the invention employs a Mach-Zehnder modulator using electrical signals chosen to introduce a predetermined frequency shift at the center of each pulse generated by the pulse generator. This frequency shift is achieved by introducing a timing difference between the electrical input signals. Another embodiment of the invention employs a chirp free pulse generator and a separate phase modulator to induce the desired frequency or phase shift. These progressively phase shifted pulses may be further modulated to transmit data by introducing phase or amplitude modulation on the optical pulses, depending on the data to be transmitted.

Abstract translation: 描述了产生逐行相移的光脉冲的系统和技术，以及这些脉冲用于发送数据的用途。 本发明的一个实施例采用马赫曾德尔调制器，其使用所选择的电信号，以在由脉冲发生器产生的每个脉冲的中心处引入预定的频移。 通过引入电输入信号之间的定时差来实现该频移。 本发明的另一个实施例采用啁啾自由脉冲发生器和单独的相位调制器来诱导期望的频率或相移。 这些逐渐的相移脉冲可以被进一步调制以通过根据要发送的数据在光脉冲上引入相位或幅度调制来发送数据。

公开(公告)号：US06832011B2

公开(公告)日：2004-12-14

申请号：US10243205

申请日：2002-09-13

Applicant: Christopher R. Doerr

Inventor： Christopher R. Doerr

IPC: G02F1035

CPC classification number: G02F1/3136 ,  G02F1/0147 ,  G02F2201/126

Abstract: A push-pull thermooptic interferometer switch can be controlled using only one control lead and one drive signal per switch. Advantageously, using only control signal lead and one electrical driver per switch can greatly reduce the complexity of the electronics needed to drive a switch array. The single control lead push-pull thermooptic interferometer switch can be driven by controllable voltage or current signals. The connections of the control and other signal leads to an array of these switched can be made in a planar manner without the need for crossover paths.

公开(公告)号：US20040052441A1

公开(公告)日：2004-03-18

申请号：US10243205

申请日：2002-09-13

Inventor： Christopher R. Doerr

IPC: G02F001/035

CPC classification number: G02F1/3136 ,  G02F1/0147 ,  G02F2201/126

Abstract: A push-pull thermooptic interferometer switch can be controlled using only one control lead and one drive signal per switch. Advantageously, using only control signal lead and one electrical driver per switch can greatly reduce the complexity of the electronics needed to drive a switch array. The single control lead push-pull thermooptic interferometer switch can be driven by controllable voltage or current signals. The connections of the control and other signal leads to an array of these switched can be made in a planar manner without the need for crossover paths.

Abstract translation: 可以仅使用一个控制引线和每个开关一个驱动信号来控制推挽式光电干涉仪开关。 有利地，仅使用每个开关的控制信号引线和一个电驱动器可以大大降低驱动开关阵列所需的电子装置的复杂性。 单控制引线推挽式光电干涉仪开关可由可控电压或电流信号驱动。 控制和其他信号的连接导致这些切换的阵列可以以平面方式进行而不需要交叉路径。