Abstract:
The invention provides novel fluoropolymers capable of forming optical elements having low refractive indexes and excellent heat resistance; novel fluorine-containing diene compounds having two unsaturated bonds capable of giving the above fluoropolymers; and light transmitters and plastic optical fibers made by using the fluoropolymers, which exhibit high performance by virtue of the low refractive indexes and excellent heat resistance, specifically, fluorine-containing diene compounds represented by the general formula: CF2=CFCF(ORf)CF2OCF=CF2 [wherein Rf is perfluoroalkyl such as trifluoromethyl]; fluoropolymers of the diene compounds; light transmitters made by using the fluoropolymers; and plastic optical fibers wherein the core is made of a composition comprising a fluoropolymer described above and a low-molecular fluorine compound serving to enhance the refractive index.
Abstract:
A nonionic surfactant having an average molecular weight of 450 to 800 and an inorganic/organic ratio of 1.07 to 1.50 is added to an aqueous polytetrafluoroethylene emulsion having a PTFE content of 10 to 50 wt.% obtained by polymerizing tetrafluoroethylene by emulsion polymerization in the presence of an anionic perfluorocarboxylic acid salt surfactant (APFC), in an amount of 2 to 20 wt.% based on the PTFE. Water is further added thereto in an amount of 10 to 800 wt.% based on the PTFE to obtain an aqueous PTFE dispersion having a PTFE content of 1 to 40 wt.%. The PTFE is concentrated by sedimentation. An aqueous PTFE dispersion composition having a high concentration is separated from the supernatant. Thus, an aqueous high-concentration PTFE dispersion composition reduced in APFC concentration is obtained.
Abstract:
A process for producing an electromagnetic wave shielding filter, which comprises bonding a substrate (A) having an electrically conductive mesh layer on one side and a functional film layer (c) at the mesh layer (a) side by means of an adhesive layer (b), wherein the laminate disposed in the order of (a)/(b)/(c) is subjected to a fluid pressure treatment.
Abstract:
A solid polyelectrolyte fuel cell comprising catalyst layers disposed on the opposite faces of a solid polyelectrolyte consisting of ion exchange membranes, and collectors disposed on the outer sides of the layers, wherein the collectors are allowed to contain solvent-soluble fluorine-containing polymer (preferably, polymer having a fluorine-containing aliphatic ring structure) having substantially no ion exchange group, whereby the collectors can have a high water repellence for an extended period, and the fuel cell can operate with a high, stable output efficiency for an extended period.
Abstract:
To provide an ink composition capable of forming a metallic material which is excellent in adhesion to a substrate and free from ion migration. An ink composition having fine metallic copper particles and/or fine copper hydride particles, and fine silver oxide particles or fine metallic silver particles, dispersed in a water-insoluble organic liquid, which composition has a solid content concentration of from 10 to 80 mass% and contains from 5 to 90 parts by mass of the fine metallic copper particles and/or fine copper hydride particles, and from 10 to 95 parts by mass of the fine silver oxide particles or fine metallic silver particles, per 100 parts by mass of the total solid content in the ink composition.
Abstract:
An expression vector capable of expressing in a fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe; a multicloning vector for constructing the expression vector; a method of constructing the expression vector; a transformant holding the expression vector; and a process for producing a foreign protein by using the transformant. The multicloning vector has a sequence of -ACATGT- starting with the 5' side at the tip of the multicloning site as the restriction enzyme recognition site for introducing a structural gene of a foreign protein. An expression vector is constructed by introducing a structural gene of a foreign protein by using the above recognition site in such a manner that the tip of the structural gene will have a sequence of -ACATGN- (N being an arbitrary base) starting with the 5' side and that the ATG region of the sequence will function as a translation initiation site of the structural gene. Since it is possible to use an arbitrary base as the N in the sequence of ATGN of the expression vector, it becomes possible to introduce a structural gene of any foreign protein and to express the structural gene to a high level.
Abstract:
In a method of constructing an eucaryotic microbial host for producing a foreign protein encoded by a gene which has been transferred by a gene modification method, the production efficiency of the foreign protein in the transformant, wherein the gene encoding the foreign protein has been transferred into a host, is elevated. Under the culture environment of the transformant, the whole genome part unnecessary or harmful to the production of the foreign protein by the transformant is totally or partly deleted or inactivated. Schizosaccharmocyes pombe is favorably employed as the above eucaryotic microbial host. As the genome part of the eucaryotic microbial host to be deleted or inactivated is favorably gene(s) selected from among genes relating to energy metabolism and genes relating to proteases. Specific examples thereof include pyruvate decarboxylase genes, serine protease genes, aminopeptidase genes, carboxypeptidase genes and so on.
Abstract:
A process for producing a fluorine compound from inexpensive materials. The process comprises reacting a compound (I), e.g., RACH2OH, with a compound (II), e.g., XCORB, to form a compound (III), e.g., RACH2OCORB, fluorinating the compound (III) in a liquid phase to form a compound (IV), e.g., RAFCF2OCORBF, and converting the compound (IV) into a compound (V), e.g., RAFCOF, and/or a compound (VI), e.g., R?BFCOF. RA¿ is alkyl, etc.; RB is perhalogenoalkyl, etc.; R?AF and RBF¿ are fluorinated R?A and RB¿, respectively; and X is a halogen.
Abstract:
Processes for producing a (4E)-5-chloro-2-isopropyl-4-pentenoic ester and an optically active isomer thereof which are useful as intermediates for medicines and agricultural chemicals. One of the processes, which is for producing a (4E)-5-chloro-2-isopropyl-4-pentenoic ester represented by the following formula (4), is characterized by reacting a compound represented by the following formula (2) with a base (II) in the presence of an aprotic solvent (II) and subsequently with (1E)-1,3-dichloro-1-propene to obtain a compound represented by the following formula (3) and then eliminating the alkoxycarbonyl group from one of the ester groups of the compound represented by the following formula (3). The other process, which is for producing an (S)-(4E)-5-chloro-2-isopropyl-4-pentenoic ester represented by the following formula (5), is characterized by optically resolving the (4E)-5-chloro-2-isopropyl-4-pentenoic ester represented by the formula (4), which is obtained by that production process. (In the formulae, R represents lower alkyl or aralkyl.)