Abstract:
A steel product having a structure composed mainly of ferrite or ferrite plus pearlite or ferrite plus cementite. A steel pipe produced from this steel product by rolling at a ferrite recrystallization temperature such that the reduction of area is greater than 20%. This steel pipe is characterized by grain size not greater than 3 µm, preferably not greater than 1 µm, elongation greater than 20%, tensile strength (TS : MPa) and elongation (El : %) whose product is greater than 10000, and percent ductile fracture greater than 95%, preferably 100%, measured by Charpy impact test on an actual pipe at -100°C. The structure is characterized by C : 0.005-0.03%, Si : 0.01-3.0%, Mn : 0.01-2.0%, and Al : 0.001-0.10% on a weight basis, and is composed of ferrite or ferrite and a secondary phase, with ferrite grains being not greater than 3 µm and the secondary phase having an areal ratio not more than 30%. The steel pipe is produced from a steel pipe stock having the above-mentioned composition by heating at a temperature of (Ac 1 + 50°C) to 400°C and subsequently performing reducing on it at a rolling temperature of (Ac 1 + 50°C) to 400°C such that the cumulative reduction of diameter is greater than 20%. The reducing is preferably performed such that at least one of rolling passes reduces the diameter by more than 6% per pass. The steel pipe will have high ductility and high strength and will be superior in toughness and stress corrosion cracking resistance, if the content of C, Si, Mn, and other alloying elements is limited low and reducing is performed at the temperature specified above. The resulting steel pipe has good fatigue resistance and is suitable for use as line pipe.
Abstract:
In various embodiments, electronic devices such as touch-panel displays incorporate interconnects featuring a conductor layer and, disposed above the conductor layer, a capping layer comprising an alloy of Cu and one or more refractory metal elements selected from the group consisting of Ta, Nb, Mo, W, Zr, Hf, Re, Os, Ru, Rh, Ti, V, Cr, and Ni.
Abstract:
Disclosed are a quenched steel sheet and a method for manufacturing the same. The quenched steel sheet according to an aspect of the present invention contains, in terms of wt %, C: 0.05˜0.25%, Si: 0.5% or less (excluding 0), Mn: 0.1˜2.0%, P: 0.05% or less, S: 0.03% or less, the remainder Fe, and other unavoidable impurities, wherein a refined structure of the steel sheet comprises 90 volume % or more of martensite with a first hardness and martensite with a second hardness.
Abstract:
A process for the surface treatment of a metal part comprises:exposing a surface (1) of the metal part to a stream of substantially spherical particles, so that any portion of said surface receives said particles along several primary incidences, the primary incidences of the particles on a portion of the surface being essentially distributed in a cone or a conical film which has an outer half apex angle between 10° and 45°, until a surface layer (3) of nanostructures having an average thickness of several tens of microns is obtained, the particles having a diameter of less than 2 mm and greater than 0.1 mm and being projected at a speed between 40 m/s and 100 m/s. A thermochemical treatment is then applied, in particular a low-temperature treatment of the nitriding type or a high-temperature treatment of the low-pressure carbonitriding type.
Abstract:
The problem to be addressed is to achieve a bearing steel for obtaining a bearing component having further increased rolling-contact fatigue life. The bearing steel satisfies a predetermined chemical composition, and Si (boundary Si), Mn (boundary Mn), Cr (boundary Cr), Cu (boundary Cu), Ni (boundary Ni), and Mo (boundary Mo) included in a matrix phase region (boundary surface region) from the surface of spheroidized cementite to 20 nm away satisfy the formula (1) below. 9.0≦1.4×boundary Si+1.8×boundary Mn+5.5×boundary Cu+4.2×boundary Ni+4.8×boundary Cr+5.5×boundary Mo (1)
Abstract:
A method of producing a nano twinned commercially pure titanium material includes the step of casting a commercially pure titanium material, that apart from titanium, contains not more than 0.05 wt % N; not more than 0.08 wt % C; not more than 0.015 wt % H; not more than 0.50 wt % Fe; not more than 0.40 wt % O; and not more than 0.40 wt % residuals. The material is brought to a temperature at or below 0° C. and plastic deformation is imparted to the material at that temperature to such a degree that nano twins are formed in the material.
Abstract:
A process for the surface treatment of a metal part comprises: exposing a surface (1) of the metal part to a stream of substantially spherical particles, so that any portion of said surface receives said particles along several primary incidences, the primary incidences of the particles on a portion of the surface being essentially distributed in a cone or a conical film which has an outer half apex angle between 10° and 45°, until a surface layer (3) of nanostructures having an average thickness of several tens of microns is obtained, the particles having a diameter of less than 2 mm and greater than 0.1 mm and being projected at a speed between 40 m/s and 100 m/s. A thermochemical treatment is then applied, in particular a low-temperature treatment of the nitriding type or a high-temperature treatment of the low-pressure carbonitriding type.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a method for producing a magnetic substrate for an encoder scale. The method comprising the step of mechanically working the substrate, wherein the substrate is cooled prior to the mechanical working step. In one embodiment, a stainless steel substrate is used. The stainless steel may comprise an austenite (non-magnetic) phase and a martensite (magnetic) phase. Mechanically working and cooling in this manner increases the amount of magnetic (martensite) phase material that is formed, thereby improving the magnetic contrast when non-magnetic (austenite) marking are subsequently formed on the substrate by laser marking.
Abstract:
The present invention provides a method for processing a metal body which can turn a metal structure of the metal body into a finer grain structure thus obtaining the high strength and the high ductility. In a method or an apparatus for processing a metal body which turns the metal structure of the metal body into the finer grain structure by forming a low deformation resistance region where the deformation resistance is locally lowered in the metal body and by deforming the low deformation resistance region by shearing, using a non-low deformation resistance region forming means which forms a non-low deformation resistance region by increasing the deformation resistance which is lowered in the low deformation resistance region, the non-low deformation resistance region is formed along the low deformation resistance region.
Abstract:
An exemplary hot rolled steel sheet can included, in terms of percent by mass, C of 0.01 to 0.2%; Si of 0.01 to 2%; Mn of 0.1 to 2%; P of ≦0.1%; S of ≦0.03%; Al of 0.001 to 0.1%; N of ≦ 0.01%; and as a remainder, Fe and unavoidable impurities. For example, a microstructure can be substantially a homogeneous continuous-cooled microstructure, and an average grain size of the microstructure may be more than 8 μm and 30 μm or less. An exemplary method for manufacturing a hot rolled steel sheet can include subjecting a slab having the above composition to a rough rolling so as to obtain a rough rolled bar, subjecting the rough rolled bar to a finish rolling so as to obtain a rolled steel under conditions in which a finishing temperature is (Ar3 transformation point +50° C.) or more; and starting cooling the rolled steel after 0.5 seconds or more pass from the end of the finish rolling at a temperature of the Ar3 transformation point or more. At least in the temperature range from the Ar3 transformation point can be cooled to 500° C. at a cooling rate of 80°C./sec or more, a further cooling can be effectuated until the temperature is 500° C. or less to obtain a hot rolled steel sheet and coiling the hot rolled steel sheet.
Abstract translation:作为热轧钢板,可以以质量%计含有0.01〜0.2%的C, Si为0.01〜2% Mn为0.1〜2% P <0.1%; S <0.03%; Al为0.001〜0.1%; N <0.01%; 作为余量,Fe和不可避免的杂质。 例如,微结构可以是基本均匀的连续冷却微结构,并且微结构的平均晶粒尺寸可以大于8μm和30μm或更小。 用于制造热轧钢板的示例性方法可以包括对具有上述组成的板坯进行粗轧以获得粗轧条,对粗轧条进行精轧,以在条件下获得轧制钢 其中终轧温度为(Ar3相变点+ 50℃)以上; 在Ar3相变点以上的温度下,从精轧结束0.5秒钟以上开始冷却轧制钢。 至少在Ar 3相变点的温度范围内可以以80℃/秒以上的冷却速度将其冷却至500℃,进一步冷却直到温度为500℃以下 得到热轧钢板并卷取热轧钢板。