Abstract:
A plasma display filter is formed to include an alternating pattern (12) of infrared blocking layers (22, 24 and 26) and ZTO (zinc oxide/tin oxide) dielectric layers (14, 16, 18 and 20). In one embodiment, the alternating pattern comprises four ZTO dielectric layers and three infrared blocking layers. Benefits of the plasma display filter are enhanced if the ZTO dielectric layers are sputter deposited in an environment which is intentionally hydrogenated. As another possible enhancement, a sacrificial layer or glue layer may be deposited over the infrared blocking layers prior to formation of the subsequent ZTO dielectric layer, so as to protect the underlying layer during formation of the ZTO dielectric layer. Suitable materials include titanium and nichrome. The chemical durability of the ZTO dielectric layers enables the omission of the conventional protective overcoat layer (28), if desired.
Abstract:
Conductive micro traces (64) are formed on a coated or uncoated substrate (28) in order to achieve a combination of target optical properties and target electrical capabilities. For the coated substrate, the coating (100) may be formed before or after the conductive micro traces. Thecoating may be designed for providing IR filtering or reductions in reflected light and color shift, while the conductive micro traces may be used for EMI shielding or to provide current-carrying capability, such as when used as heaters. In another embodiment, the conductive micro traces are formed on an uncoated flexible transparent substrate and have a width of less than 25 microns, such that the conductive micro traces are capable of achieving their intended purpose while maintaining a high visible light transmissivity. The conductive micro traces may be formed using various approaches, such as the use of electroplating techniques or the use of inkjet printing techniques.
Abstract:
Localized heating of a window, such as a vehicle windshield (58) or sidelight (10), is provided by dividing an optical coating that is electrically conductive into high heating zones (26, 50, 62 and 64) and low heating zones (22, 24, 54 and 56). While the conductive coating covers substantially the entirety of the window, the coating is patterned to establish a preselected heating power density pattern. In one application, bus-to-bus dimensions are kept short and opposite polarity high heating zones are placed in a side-by-side relationship, so that the major portion of the window is left unheated and the bus connections may be placed along the same window edge. In another application, the bus-to-bus dimensions are significantly larger, but power concentration is provided by a pattern of isolation lines (12, 14, 42, 44, 46, 48 and 60) that narrow the dimensions of current flow through a zone in which heating is desired.
Abstract:
A solar screening, thermally insulating, glare reducing, anti-reflecting coating (24) is formed of a two-layer stack on a substrate (12), with the first layer (22) being formed of titanium nitride and the second layer (26) being formed of a dielectric material having a high refractive index. The first layer is an absorbing layer and the dielectric layer has a refractive index in the range of 1.73 to 2.6. In the preferred embodiment, the dielectric layer is silicon nitride. Also in the preferred embodiment, a thin adhesive primer layer (20) is located between the substrate and the multipurpose window coating, while a lubricating layer (28) is formed on the dielectric layer.
Abstract:
An improved way to impart antireflection properties to a light transmissive substrate and, at the same time, achieve a durable surface and electrical conductivity is disclosed. A stack of at least two sputter-deposited light transmissive inorganic layers, one of which being electrically conductive and having a high index of refraction with the one above it (relative to the substrate being antireflected) having a low index of refraction, in combination with a thin lubricating overlayer comprising a solvent-soluble lubricant such as a solvent-soluble fluoropolymer can achieve this desired combination of properties.
Abstract:
Special effect films are disclosed that comprise a polymeric substrate and a composite coating. The composite coating is provided with a first layer comprising a polyionic binder and a second layer comprising interference particles having at least one highly refractive layer and at least one lower refractive layer, and a difference in refractive index between the highly refractive layer and the at least one lower refractive layer is at least 0.1 units.
Abstract:
An electroactive package is disclosed that includes an active film and a pair of transparent conductive layers positioned on opposite sides of the active film. The transparent conductive layers each include an overhang section that extends beyond an edge of the active film, with the overhang sections being located at a periphery of the electroactive package. A bus bar is disclosed that comprises a pair of electrically-conductive layers and an insulative layer positioned between the electrically-conductive layers. The bus bar extends along at least a portion of the periphery of the electroactive package and is positioned between the overhang sections of the transparent conductive layers. Also disclosed are electroactive windows, and methods of making them.
Abstract:
A low-e insulating glass unit has a suspended, coated IR reflecting polymer sheet under tension, e.g. from heat shrinkage. The polymer sheet is coated with a multilayer stack of dielectric and metallic layers, including at least one silver layer deposited upon a zinc oxide seed layer that is at most 15 nm thickness. The use of zinc oxide ensures good seeding for high quality silver layer growth, thereby providing low emissivity. The thinness of the zinc oxide ensures that it resists cracking when the polymer sheet is tensioned.
Abstract:
A solar control member (50; 62; 70; and 90) for determining solar control for a window (52) includes an optically massive layer (58; 66; and 80) between an optically functional layer stack (60; 64; 76; and 86) and a titanium nitride layer (56; 68; 78; and 88). The optically massive layer has sufficient thickness to retard or prevent constructive and destructive interference of reflected light. The optically massive layer may be an adhesive, but also may be one or more polymeric substrates. The layer stack may be a Fabry-Perot interference filter. Also in the preferred embodiment, the titanium nitride layer is closer to the window (e.g., glass) than the layer stack.
Abstract:
In a method of forming micro traces (64; 110, 112 and 114; and 409), stamping techniques are employed to define a target pattern of the micro traces. The stamping is applied to electrically conductive material (405; 700) and may be limited to pressure, but a thermal stamping approach may be utilized. Following the stamping, a portion of the conductive material is removed (305), leaving the target pattern of conductive micro traces. In the pressure-application step, the pressure or the combination of pressure and temperature is sufficient to at least weaken the integrity of the bulk conductive material along the area of contact. Typically, this step causes shearing of the conductive material. Following the pressure-application step, excess conductive material is removed. In some embodiments of the invention, the thickness of the micro traces is not determined in a single step. The original thickness may be formed using a "seed" material (104). The subsequent material buildup (108) may occur after the target pattern is established.