Abstract:
A description is given of an apparatus (1) for treating a bed (2) of particulate material which is supported by an aeration bottom (3), subject to the application of a conditioning gas being directed to and flowing up through the aeration bottom (3) and the material bed (2) from an underlying compartment (4) which comprises side walls (5), end walls (6) and a bottom (7). The apparatus is peculiar in that it comprises a number of inspection channels (8) which extend into the compartment (4) from its side walls (5), end walls (6) or bottom (7) and being provided with a number of inspection openings (9). Hence it will be possible during the operation of the apparatus to inspect the equipment in a significantly extended area of the compartment. This is due to the fact that the inspection channels make it possible to inspect equipment located in areas of the compartment which are not visible due to poor visibility from windows located in the side walls of the compartment.
Abstract:
A description is given of a roller mill for grinding particulate material such as cement raw materials, cement clinker and similar materials, said roller mill comprising a grinding table (1) which by means of a drive mechanism (2) is rotatable about a vertical axis (3), at least one roller (4) which is rotatably mounted on a shaft (5) and being maintained in tangential direction relative to the grinding table by means of a guide mechanism (6) and a support (7). The roller mill is peculiar in that it comprises a vibration-compensating device (8) which is arranged in connection with the guide mechanism (6) to ensure in interaction therewith that the roller (4) is maintained in tangential direction relative to the grinding table (1), independently of the flexibility of the guide mechanism support (7) so that the variations in the torsional moment of the mill drive mechanism (2) and hence the wear on the drive mechanism are reduced. This is due to the fact that the vibration-compensation mechanism equalizes the elastic movement affecting the guide mechanism support when the tangential force, which is to be absorbed via the guide mechanism (6), varies due to a change in the operating environment, thereby actively preventing the roller (4) from moving tangentially relative to the grinding table (1).
Abstract:
A description is given of a method as well as an apparatus for heat treatment of raw materials such as cement raw meal, limestone or other mineral-containing raw materials, by which method raw material is preheated and possibly calcined in a preheater system (1) and possibly burned in a kiln (8), and where solid and/or liquid fuel is brought into contact with preheated raw material in the presence of steam in a gasification reactor (3) thereby causing the fuel to be fractionated partly into a hydrogen-containing combustible gas which is discharged from the gasification reactor via a gas outlet and partly into carbonaceous solid fuel residues which are discharged from the gasification reactor via a solids outlet. The method and apparatus are characterized in that at least some of the hydrogen-containing combustible gas is utilized for heat treatment of raw material.
Abstract:
A description is provided of a cooler (1) for cooling hot particulate material which has been subjected to heat treatment in an industrial kiln such as a rotary kiln (3) for manufacturing cement clinker, said cooler (1) comprising a grate (21) for receiving and supporting hot material from the kiln, at least one cooling gas duct (28) which is connected to slots (20) in the grate (21) for introducing cooling gases into the hot material and a compressed air system (25, 26) for injecting compressed air into the material on the grate (21). The cooler is characterized in that it comprises flow restricting means (31) which are provided in the cooling gas duct (28). It is hereby obtained, without using mechanically movable components that only a very limited amount of the compressed air which is injected into the material on the grate is allowed to pass through the cooling gas duct. This is due to the fact that the flow restricting means, as a consequence of the pressure conditions prevailing immediately under the grate when compressed air is injected will operate as a non- return valve which will substantially prevent compressed air from passing down through the cooling gas duct.
Abstract:
A method of measuring one or more motion parameters of a main shaft in a gyratory or cone crusher is disclosed. Signals are directed from a stationary sensor means located apart from the main shaft to one or more signal reflective surfaces situated on a target located on or adjacent to an upper portion of the main shaft. The target rotates and otherwise moves in unison with the movement of the main shaft. From the elapsed time the distances from the sensor the reflective surfaces on the target are determined. Analyzing the distances over time will yield information on the movement of the main shaft.
Abstract:
The apparatus is a gyratory crusher in which all the wear parts can be removed and replaced from the top of the crusher, thus eliminating the need to remove large, heavy parts from below the crusher. This is accomplished by constructing the crusher so that the eccentric and the piston assembly can be lifted up and out sequentially. The piston assembly then includes all the wear parts within the lowest assembly, the hydraulic support, so that those parts can be replaced without access to the underside of the crusher. If necessary, the hydraulic support within which the piston assembly is held can also be removed from above the crusher.
Abstract:
Described is a method as well as an apparatus for removing volatile components, such as chloride, alkali and sulphur, from a cement manufacturing plant, which plant comprises a preheater (1) for preheating cement raw materials, a kiln (5) for burning cement clinker, and a transition zone (3) between the preheater (1) and the kiln (5). The method and apparatus is peculiar in that a condensation body (9) having a temperature which is lower than the condensation temperature of the volatile components is introduced into the exhaust gases at a location where the temperature of the exhaust gases exceeds the mentioned condensation temperature so that volatile components when brought into contact with the condensation body are cooled to a level below their condensation temperature and are thereby condensed and deposited on the condensation body (9), and in that the condensation body (9) is subsequently taken out from the exhaust gases and cleaned of deposited condensation products.
Abstract:
A method for producing cement clinker from raw material in a cement plant, by which method hot gases from a kiln system (3), through an inlet duct (4), which is connecting the kiln system (3) to a drier crusher (1 ), are directed into the drier crusher (1 ) to which also raw material, via a raw material inlet (5), is fed in order to be crushed and dried for subsequently, in suspended form, to be carried to a classifier (2) via an outlet duct (6), which is connecting the drier crusher (1 ) to the classifier (2). The method is peculiar in that at least some of the hot gases in the inlet duct (4), via a bypass duct (7) connecting the inlet duct (4) to the outlet duct (6), are bypassed the drier crusher (1 ) and directed into the outlet duct (6) at a location between the classifier (2) and the drier crusher (1 ). Hereby it is obtained that the raw material is further dried by the bypassed gases while being carried to the classifier. In this way the volume of hot gases used for drying can be increased, i.e. the drying capacity of the system can be increased without causing an increase in the pressure loss across the drier crusher.
Abstract:
A comminuting device (10) has a wear-resistant element (16) for partial insertion into a recess (26) in the surface of a wear area (12, 14). The wear-resistant element (16) has a fastening region (24), which can be connected to the recess (26) in the surface of the wear area (12, 14), and a wear region (22), which protrudes at least partially from the surface of the wear area (12, 14). The fastening region (24) is formed from a metal, the wear region (22) has a shell (18) and a core (20) arranged inside the shell (18). The core (20) is formed from a metal and the shell (18) is formed from a ceramic (20). The material of the shell comprises a ceramic which contains yttrium-stabilized, tetragonal polycrystalline zirconium oxide (TPZ). The TPZ has a proportion of the ceramic by volume of at least 60%, preferably at least 80%, in particular 95% to 100%.
Abstract:
A bag applicator assembly for a stationary packer assembly comprising a plurality of filling nozzles for filling valve bags wherein a valve bag comprising a valve selectively movable between a closed and an open configuration; the bag applicator comprising: a bag feeding device comprising a supporting plane configured for receiving a valve bag having the valve in a closed configuration; a valve opening device configured for cyclically moving between a first configuration of keeping the valve bag from the supporting plane and a second configuration of opening the valve and keeping the valve in the open configuration; a bag applicator device configured for picking up the valve bag from the valve opening device, for travelling from the valve opening device to a filling nozzle in a travelling configuration for avoiding bag interference with the filling nozzles and for releasing the bag at the filling nozzle.