公开(公告)号：GB706742A

公开(公告)日：1954-04-07

申请号：GB437352

申请日：1952-02-19

Applicant: STANDARD OIL DEV CO

IPC: C08F222/14

Abstract: Esters of a , b -unsaturated polycarboxylic acids or anhydrides, prepared with an excess of 2.3 to 15 per cent. of one or more long chain aliphatic alcohols are copolymerised with one or more low molecular weight vinyl compounds, e.g. vinyl acetate or butyrate, isopropenyl acetate, a -chlorvinyl acetate, styrene, a -methyl styrene and acrylonitrile, in the presence of the said excess of alcohol and a catalyst. Esters of e.g., fumaric, maleic, citraconic, mesaconic, itaconic, and aconitic acids and alcohols such as octyl, iso-octyl, 2-ethyl hexyl, nonyl, 2, 2, 4,4-tetramethylamyl, decyl, dodecyl, tetradecyl, cetyl, stearyl or a mixture of methyl and stearyl alcohols and hydrogenated coconut oil alcohols may be used. Single alcohols contain an average of 8 to 18 carbon atoms and if a mixture is used an average of 7.5 carbon atoms is necessary. Catalysts, e.g. hydrogen, benzoyl and lauroyl peroxides, cumene, urea and t-butyl hydroperoxides, potassium and ammonium persulphates, t-butyl perbenzoate or redox systems such as benzoin and ferric laurate are used in bulk or solution polymerization in such solvents as naphtha, lubricating oil fractions, white oil, benzene, toluene, esters, ethers, chloroform and carbon tetrachloride, or suspension or emulsion polymeriations using a soap and a water soluble catalyst. In examples a fumarate ester of a coconut oil alcohol mixture prepared with 2.3 per cent. excess of alcohol is copolymerised with vinyl acetate in bulk or with white oil as a diluent. The products are useful as lubricating oil additives.ALSO:Copolymers of esters of b -unsaturated polycarboxylic acids or anhydrides prepared with excess of 2.3 to 15 per cent. of one or more long chain aliphatic alcohols, and one or more low molecular weight vinyl compounds e.g. vinyl acetate, or butyrate, isopropenyl acetate, a -chlorovinyl acetate, styrene, a -methyl styrene and acrylonitrile in the presence of the said excess of alcohol and a catalyst, are used as lubricating oil additives. In examples a fumarate ester of a coconut oil alcohol mixture prepared with a 2.3 per cent. excess of alcohol is copolymerized with vinyl acetate in bulk or with white oil as a diluent. Pour point depressants are preferably those using alcohols having 11 to 15 carbon atoms per molecule and the viscosity index improvers are those using alcohols in the range of 8 to 10 carbon atoms per molecule.

公开(公告)号：FR1061000A

公开(公告)日：1954-04-07

申请号：FR1061000D

申请日：1952-07-24

Applicant: STANDARD OIL DEV CO

IPC: C07F9/04

公开(公告)号：CA501350A

公开(公告)日：1954-04-06

申请号：CA501350D

Applicant: STANDARD OIL DEV CO

Inventor： LIEBER EUGENE ,  CASHMAN ALOYSIUS F

公开(公告)号：GB706555A

公开(公告)日：1954-03-31

申请号：GB2923650

申请日：1950-11-29

Applicant: STANDARD OIL DEV CO

IPC: C10M169/00

Abstract: A mineral lubricating oil is thickened to a grease consistency with an alkali metal soap and a sodium phosphate. Sodium orthometa- or pyrophosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate or disodium hydrogen phosphate may be used, in amounts (of the total composition) from 2 to 20 per cent. on a hydrated basis or from 0.5 to 10 per cent. on an anhydrous basis. The soap may be prepared from any fatty acid or fatty oil having 12 to 24 carbon atoms per acid molecule, sodium soaps of saturated acids being preferred. The soap may comprise 5 to 40 per cent. of the grease. The oil may be any mineral lubricating oil, especially one of viscosity index of at least 80 and viscosity between 35 and 500 SSU at 210 DEG F. The oil content may be between 55 and 90 per cent. by weight of the grease, preferably 65 to 85 per cent. Additives such as oxidation inhibitors, e.g. phenyl alpha naphthylamine, extreme pressure agents, tackiness agents and metal deactivators may also be present. The greases are preferably prepared by p heating the fatty acid and an equal quantity of mineral oil to about 200 DEG F. and adding caustic soda, preferably as a 50 Be1 solution, the mixture being then heated to about 300 DEG F. to effect dehydration. The phosphate is then added as an aqueous solution, the mixture is further heated and finally the remainder of the mineral oil is added, together with additional oxidation inhibitors or other additives if desired. The mixture is cooled with stirring to about 200 DEG F. and packaged. Tests on various grease compositions are reported in the examples, two specified compositions being (all parts by weight) (1) 22 parts of stearic acid, 69.6 parts of mineral oil (49 SSU at 210 DEG F.; V.I. 45), 4.5 parts of sodium hydroxide and 9.1 parts of hydrated sodium orthophosphate (3.9 parts of anhydrous salt), and (2), 20.5 parts of stearic acid, 29.1 parts of mineral oil (50 SSU at 210 DEG F.; V.I. 80), 43.5 parts of mineral oil (68 SSU at 210 DEG F.; V.I. 80), 3.9 parts of sodium hydroxide, 2.0 parts of anhydrous sodium orthophosphate, and 1 part of phenyl alphanaphthylamine.

公开(公告)号：FR1060000A

公开(公告)日：1954-03-30

申请号：FR1060000D

申请日：1952-04-28

Applicant: STANDARD OIL DEV CO

IPC: B01J21/04 ,  B01J23/40 ,  B01J23/42 ,  B01J23/44 ,  C10G45/10

公开(公告)号：GB706164A

公开(公告)日：1954-03-24

申请号：GB2745052

申请日：1952-10-31

Applicant: STANDARD OIL DEV CO

IPC: C10G1/02

Abstract: 706,164. Distilling oil shale. STANDARD OIL DEVELOPMENT CO. Oct. 31, 1952 [Oct. 31, 1951], No. 27450/52. Class 55 (1) In distilling oil shale maintained as a fluidized mass in a retort 15 by upwardly flowing oxygencontaining gases, part of the shale is crushed to a particle size of not less than half-inch in diameter and passed as a settled bed through a heat exchange zone 7 in countercurrent contact with distillation gases, and the other portion is ground to a fluidizable particle size not above quarter-inch and preheated by indirect contact with spent shale, as by circulating heat carrier pebbles first through a zone 75 in which they are heated by the spent shale and then through a zone 20 in which they pass downwardly through a fluidized bed of fresh shale. The coarser shale is heated by the distillation gases to e.g. 500‹- 1,000‹ F. and conveyed through a line 14 to an intermediate part of the retort. The remainder passes through a grinder 3 to the preheater 20 to which fluidizing gas such as product tail gas, flue gas or steam is admitted through a distributing core 27. The fluidized shale ascends the preheater in counterflow to the heat-carrying pebbles from zone 75 and leaves by a line 31 at 500‹- 900‹ F. for supply to an intermediate part of the retort. Air oxygen-enriched flue gas or steam mixed with flue gas and air or oxygen is blown into the base of the retort and in the embodiment shown heated by a part of the spent shale discharged through a pipe 63 and reintroduced through a pipe 69 after some heat has been extracted in a steam boiler 65. Sufficient heat is generated by combustion in retort 15 to maintain distillation at 800‹-1,200‹ F., the coarse and ground shale rapidly disintegrating to a particle size of 5-200 microns. High velocity gas jets 40, 42 may be used to assist the reduction. Gases and vapours may be scrubbed in a section of baffle cap plates 45 supplied with heavy oil, afterwards fed by downcomers 49 to the bed for cracking. After passing through heat exchanger 7 the distillation gases pass to a gas and liquid separator 55, if desired through a further cooler 53. Of the spent shale discharged from the retort, that part which is returned for heating the fluidizing gases passes through a line 73 to an intermediate part of the pebble heater 75 and the other part is fed to the bottom through a line 77. The shale is fluidized by hot steam, air, flue gas &c. and ascends in counterflow to the pebbles admitted at the top from a conveyer 28. Specification 584,386 is referred to.

公开(公告)号：FR1058878A

公开(公告)日：1954-03-19

申请号：FR1058878D

申请日：1952-03-01

Applicant: STANDARD OIL DEV CO

IPC: C07C69/34 ,  C10M169/00

公开(公告)号：GB705194A

公开(公告)日：1954-03-10

申请号：GB1353651

申请日：1951-06-07

Applicant: STANDARD OIL DEV CO

IPC: C10M173/00

Abstract: A composition which is emulsifiable with water to form a complex water-in-oil and oil-in-water emulsion, suitable for use as a metal fabricating lubricant comprises 25-90 parts by weight of a mineral base oil, 2-50 parts of one or more of certain oiliness agents, 2-25 parts of an oil-in-water emulsifying agent and 0.5-3 parts of a certain water-in-oil emulsifying agent. The oiliness agents are chosen from fatty acids, rosin acids, fatty oils, or the corresponding alcohols and mixtures thereof, preferably lard oil, oleic acid, sperm oil, tall oil and soyabean oil. For the oil-in-water emulsifying agent, it is preferred to use combinations of at least two different surface active materials of the nonionic ether or ester-ether type, such as sorbitan esters of fatty acids, polyglycol ethers and polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters. Thus, a combination of the fatty acid esters, particularly the partial fatty acid esters, of sorbitan and polyoxyethylene sorbitans may be employed, particularly the materials sold under the Registered Trade Marks "Span" and "Tween." If desired, these oil-in-water emulsifying agents may be used in conjunction with an oil-soluble monovalent metal sulphonate, particularly an alkali metal petroleum sulphonate. The water-in-oil emulsifying agent is chosen from polyvalent metal soaps, polyvalent metal sulphonates and partial oleic acid esters of polyhydric alcohols. These polyvalent metal salts may be salts of alkaline earth metals or aluminium, particularly oil-soluble calcium petroleum sulphonates and calcium oleate, while the partial oleic acid ester may be pentaerythritol monooleate. A preferred composition consists of mineral oil containing 15 per cent. by weight, based on the total composition, of lard oil, 4 per cent. of polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate, 1 per cent. of sorbitan monooleate, 2 per cent. of the oil-soluble sodium salt of petroleum sulphonic acids of molecular weight between 400 and 500 and 1 per cent. of calcium oleate.

公开(公告)号：FR1057035A

公开(公告)日：1954-03-04

申请号：FR1057035D

申请日：1952-03-10

Applicant: STANDARD OIL DEV CO

IPC: E21B47/026

公开(公告)号：GB704781A

公开(公告)日：1954-03-03

申请号：GB525351

申请日：1951-03-05

Applicant: STANDARD OIL DEV CO

Inventor： HANSON THOMAS KENNETH ,  POTTER EDWARD BARRIE VERNON

IPC: C10G21/00

Abstract: In the solvent extraction of hydrocarbon oil fractions into relatively more paraffinic and more aromatic fractions the extract phase from one feed stock is employed as solvent for the extraction of a second fraction of overlapping or closely adjacent boiling range to the first. The second fraction is preferably the higher boiling. Conventional solvents and apparatus may be used to extract gasolene, kerosene, Diesel fuel, lubricating oils, aromatic cycle stock obtained in catalytic cracking, and fractions which have been subjected to hydrogenation, hydroforming, isomerization and the like. Light or burning fractions of increasing boiling point may be extracted using SO2 when the sulphur content of the aromatic extract increases from stage to stage while that of the raffinate decreases. Make up solvent such as SO2 or a modifying solvent may be added in the later stages. Thus, a gasoline extract is used for kerosene extraction, the kerosene extract + SO2 used for gas oil extraction, and this extract + benzol used to extract lubricating oil. Solvents recovered from the several extracts and raffinates are treated in a common recovery system. Specification 607,945 is referred to.