Abstract:
A decomposition reaction apparatus for the decomposition treatment of a thermoplastic resin, which comprises a reaction apparatus comprising an introduction section for introducing a resin composition containing the thermoplastic resin and a solvent containing a monomer component of the thermoplastic resin or a component similar to the monomer component, a decomposition reaction section for heating and pressuring the resin composition and the above solvent so as for the solvent to have a supercritical state or a subcritical state, to thereby prepare a treated and recovered product containing a recycled resin formed by the reduction of the molecular weight of the above thermoplastic resin, and a discharge section for discharging the treated and recovered product. In the above reaction apparatus, the introduction of the resin composition and the solvent, the decomposition treatment of the thermoplastic resin in the decomposition reaction section and the discharge of the treated and recovered product from the discharge section are all carried out continuously, and therefore, a raw material for a recycled resin composition using an industrial or general waste containing a thermoplastic resin as the above resin composition can be produced continuously.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for debindering and/or purifying granules or material suitable for use in High Pressure High Temperatures diamond or cubic boron nitride synthesis, the method comprising the steps of passing the granules or material through a zone having controlled atmosphere and temperature in a continuous manner, the zone having a maximum temperature within the zone of greater than approximately 600°C, wherein the time spent by each granule within the zone is less than 30 minutes.
Abstract:
A process and an apparatus for recovering a noble gas, which can recover a noble gas exhausted from a noble gas employing system efficiently and also can supply the noble gas of a predetermined purity to the noble gas employing system and which can reduce consumption of the noble gas. In the process and apparatus for recovering a noble gas, when a noble gas contained in an exhaust gas exhausted from a noble gas employing system operated under reduced pressure is recovered, switching between introduction of the exhaust gas to a recovery system and exhaustion of the exhaust gas to an exhaust system is carried out under reduced pressure, and this switching operation is carried out depending on the content of impurity components contained in the exhaust gas or on the running state of the noble gas employing system.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a pressure cycling reactor (10,100) for conducting a controlled pressure sensitive reaction comprising a reaction vessel (102) for containing a sample; a vessel pressurizer (21) connected to the reaction vessel (102) and a controller for signalling the pressurizer to maintain reaction inactivating pressure in the reaction vessel (102) and signalling the pressurizer to change pressure in the reaction vessel (102) to a reaction activating pressure for a predetermined short pulsed period and then recycling to a reaction inactivating pressure in the reaction vessel (102).
Abstract:
A process for producing a hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) comprising: (a) providing a fluoropolymer-lined reactor; (b) adding a chlorinated organic compound in liquid phase and a fluorination agent to the reactor; and (c) reacting at least a portion of the chlorinated organic compound with at least a portion of the fluorination agent to produce the HFC.
Abstract:
Methods and apparatus in which pressure provides precise control over the timing and preferably synchronization of chemical reactions, particularly enzymatic reactions.
Abstract:
A method and apparatus for the hydrolysis of organic materials are described, which method comprises the following steps: a) a mixture of preheated organic material and optionally water is fed into a reaction vessel (2), whereupon the mixture of the organic material is heated further in that steam is supplied from a subsequent reaction vessel (3) having a higher pressure in that a valve (8) between the reaction vessels (2, 3) is opened; b) the valve (8) is closed when the pressure in the reaction vessel (3) reaches a predetermined value or the pressure difference between the reaction vessels (2, 3) is approximately equal to zero; c) the pressure in the reactor vessel (3) is reduced further by means of a valve (9); d) the mixture of organic material in the reaction vessel (2) is transferred to the reaction vessel (3) by means of the pressure difference between the reaction vessels (2, 3), or with the aid of a pump; e) the reaction vessel (3) is re-pressurised by adding steam; f) steps a)-e) are repeated. The pressure in the reaction vessel (3) prior to the pressure release is preferably in the range of 10-25 bars. The pressure in the reaction vessel (2) is preferably in the range of 2-4 bars after the realease of the pressure from the reaction vessel (3). An apparatus is also described for the hydrolysis of organic materials, which comprises at least two reaction vessels (2, 3) each having an inlet and an outlet, said reaction vessels (2, 3) being connected to a pipe having a valve (10) for the transfer of organic material from the reaction vessel (2) to the reaction vessel (3), said reaction vessels (2, 3) being connected to a pipe having a valve (8) for the flash-off of steam from the reaction vessel (3) to the reaction vessel (2).
Abstract:
A process for producing a hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) comprising: (a) providing a fluoropolymer-lined reactor; (b) adding a chlorinated organic compound in liquid phase and a fluorination agent to the reactor; and (c) reacting at least a portion of the chlorinated organic compound with at least a portion of the fluorination agent to produce the HFC.
Abstract:
A continuous hydrothermal synthesis method which comprises pressurizing and heating a material slurry below a saturated vapor temperature or pressurizing a material slurry at normal temperature, pressurizing and heating an aqueous liquid above the saturated vapor temperature, atomizing and mixing the slurry and the aqueous liquid, effecting hydrothermal synthesis in a reaction section above the saturated vapor temperature, cooling the reaction product and taking out the product while retaining the pressurized state in the system by alternately opening and closing shut-off valves provided above and below a product discharging section or through a thin pipe provided in the product discharging section. The method is performed using an apparatus comprising heating-pressurizing sections respectively connected to a material slurry feeding section and an aqueous liquid feeding section, an atomizing-mixing section and a reaction section provided after these feeding sections, and a product discharging section.