Abstract:
The present invention refers to a nanomaterial synthesis process from the decomposition and subsequent reaction among common and economical insoluble precursors, or precursors which hydrolyze in contact with water, which are incorporated in the internal phase of an emulsion. These insoluble precursors are introduced in the internal phase of an emulsion, then being subject to decomposition and subsequent reaction in the solid state, under shockwave effect during the detonation of the emulsion, the nanomaterial with the intended structure being in the end obtained. The process of the present invention therefore allows obtaining a wide range of nanomaterial as composites or binary, ternary structures or higher structures, with small-sized homogenous primary particles, applicable to several technological fields.
Abstract:
The present invention concerns nanometric-sized ceramic materials in the form of multiple crystalline structures, composites, or solid solutions, the process for their synthesis, and uses thereof. These materials are mainly obtained by detonation of two water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions, one of which is prepared with precursors in order to present a detonation regime with temperature lower than 2000°C, and they present a high chemical and crystalline phase homogeneity, individually for each particle, as well as a set of complementary properties adjustable according to the final applications, such as a homogeneous distribution of the primary particles, very high chemical purity level, crystallite size below 50 nm, surface areas by mass unit between 25 and 500 m2/g, and true particle densities higher than 98% of the theoretical density. This set of characteristics makes this materials particularly suitable for a vast range of applications in the nanotechnology field, such as, for example, nanocoatings, magnetic nanofluids, nanocatalysts, nanosensors, nanopigments, nanoadditives, ultra light nanocomposites, drug release nanoparticles, nanomarkers, nanometric films, etc.
Abstract:
Настоящее изобретение относится к области химии углерода и представляет собой алмаз – углеродный материал, содержащий углерод в виде алмазной кубической модификации и в рентгеноаморфной фазе в соотношении (40-80) : (60-20) по массе углерода, соответственно, и при этом содержит, масс %: углерод 89,1-95,2; водород 1,2-5,0; азот 2,1-4,8; кислород 0,1-4,7; несгораемые примеси 0,1-1,5 и способ его получения, включающий детонацию углеродсодержащего взрывчатого вещества с отрицательным кислородным балансом, помещенного в оболочку из конденсированной фазы, содержащей восстановитель при количественном соотношении массы восстановителя в конденсированной фазе к массе используемого углеродсодержащего взрывчатого вещества не менее 0,01:1, в замкнутом объеме в газовой среде, инертной к углероду. Предложен также способ обработки образцов алмаз – углеродного материала, полученного с помощью детонационного синтеза, для исследования его элементного состава.
Abstract:
A solid material for magnet containing a R-Fe-N-H type magnetic material as a primary component is produced by incorporating hydrogen into a rare earth element-iron-nitrogen type magnetic material powder having a rhombohedral or hexagonal crystal structure, preparing a green formed compact in a magnetic or non-magnetic field, and subjecting the green compact to a shock compaction by the use of an underwater shock wave while preventing the decomposition of a R-Fe-N-H type magnetic material by suppressing its residual temperature after the shock compaction to a temperature not higher than the decomposition temperature of the R-Fe-N-H material (ca. 600 DEG C at an ordinary pressure) through utilizing the characteristics of a shock compaction, such as ultra-high pressure shearing property, activating function and short time phenomenon.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for the production of diamond-like material, whereby a mixture of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen and non-flammable adjuncts are subjected to a detonative reaction of explosives with a negative oxygen balance in a closed volume in inert gas atmospheres. The reaction products are cooled and purified and sintered at pressures of 4 to 12 Gpa and temperatures of 1000 DEG C to 3000 DEG C. A diamond-like polycrystalline material is thus obtained, suitable, amongst other things, for surface working, for purification of fluids and for absorption of radio frequencies.
Abstract:
The invention relates to methods of obtaining materials in dispersed state by use of explosion energy. The proposed method consists in that the initial substance or a mixture of substances is exploded under pressure with a shock wave amplitude of at least 3GPa in the presence of a liquid in dispersed state, with the size of the particles being no less than 0.5 mm in a quantity ensuring the conservation of the cluster structure of the particles of the obtained material, and formation of a dispersed system in it, and after the condensation of the liquid vapours a part of the liquid is removed from the obtained mixture in a quantity sufficient to ensure the creation of a structured dispersed system together with the remaining part of the liquid, with the viscosity of the system exceeding at least by an order of magnitude that of the liquid.
Abstract:
A method of producing graphene sheets and plates from graphitic material including (a) mixing graphitic material particles in a liquid medium to form a suspension; (b) compressing the suspension; (c) directing the compressed suspension through a local constriction into an area of reduced pressure to decompress the suspension in less than 2 x 10 -6 second to a pressure less than 20% of the compression pressure, thereby exfoliating graphene sheets and plates from the graphitic material.
Abstract:
Solid materials may be processed using shockwaves produced in a supersonic gaseous vortex. A high]velocity stream of gas may be introduced into a reactor. The reactor may have a chamber, a solid material inlet, a gas inlet, and an outlet. The high]velocity stream of gas may be introduced into the chamber of the reactor through the gas inlet. The high]velocity stream of gas may effectuate a supersonic gaseous vortex within the chamber. The reactor may be configured to facilitate chemical reactions and/or comminution of solid feed material using tensive forces of shockwaves created in the supersonic gaseous vortex within the chamber. Solid material may be fed into the chamber through the solid material inlet. The solid material may be processed within the chamber by nonabrasive mechanisms facilitated by the shockwaves within the chamber. The processed material that is communicated through the outlet of the reactor may be collected.
Abstract:
An implosion reactor tube is provided, including: a receptacle body having a tube shape open at a first end; a cylinder positioned within the receptacle body; a mixing chamber at a second end of the receptacle body; the mixing chamber defined by a baffle; the baffle having a plurality of inner passages proximate to the cylinder allowing fluid passage through the baffle and a plurality of outer passages proximate to the receptacle body allowing passage of air and fuel through said baffle; a fuel and air inlet for allowing the air and fuel to enter the mixing chamber; and a flash igniter for igniting the air and fuel.