Abstract:
This invention relates to a dispersing agent for use in dispersing a finely divided solid powder in a nonaqueous dispersion medium and a dispersion prepared by using the dispersing agent. The dispersing agent of this invention is a low acid value lanolin fatty acid and/or a salt of the same. By means of this dispersing agent, there can be easily obtained a homogeneous and stable nonaqueous dispersion from which the incorporated solid particles will not separate out or settle even on prolonged standing. Therefore, this dispersing agent can be used advantageously in a broad range of applications such as coatings, dyes, pigments, inks, fuels, lubricating materials and so on.
Abstract:
Piston deposits resulting from neutralizing combustion acids present in the lubricating oil circulating within the lubrication system of an internal combustion engine are reduced or eliminated by first contacting the acids with a soluble weak base in the piston ring zone of the engine to form soluble neutral salts containing the weak base and the combustion acids. Thereafter, the neutral salts are contacted with a heterogeneous strong base immobilized within the lubrication system but outside the piston ring zone. The strong base displaces the weak base from the neutral salts, returning the weak base to the oil for recirculation to the piston ring zone for further use. The remaining strong base/combustion acid salts are immobilized as deposits with the strong base rather than on the piston. In a preferred embodiment, trioctadecyl amine is the weak base and zinc oxide is the strong base. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the weak base is incorporated on a substrate, preferably a cement binder.
Abstract:
A vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoroisobutylene copolymer powder is employed to thicken a conventional fluorine-containing liquid lubricant to provide a grease composition which has improved lubrication character in metal bearing subjected to the simultaneous conditions of high load, high speed and elevated temperature.
Abstract:
A lubricating oil comprising a copolymer of monomers comprising as essential ingredients a compound represented by formula (1) and one of maleic anhydride, maleic acid, a salt of maleic acid, and an ester of maleic acid where Z represents a residue of a compound having from 2 to 8 hydroxyl groups; AO represents one or more kinds of oxyalkylene groups each having from 2 to 18 carbon atoms, provided that in the case of two or more kinds of oxyalkylene groups, the oxyalkylene groups are linked to one another in either a block or a random arrangement; R represents an alkenyl group having from 2 to 5 carbon atoms; R¹ represents a hydrocarbon or acyl group having from 1 to 24 carbon atoms; and a≧0, b≧0, c≧0, ℓ is a positive integer, and m and n independently are 0 or a positive integer, provided that ℓ + m + n = 2 to 8, n/(ℓ + m) ≦ 1/2, and aℓ + bm + cn = 1 to 1,000.
Abstract:
The present invention is, in one form, an aqueous alkaline metalworking fluid composition in the form of a concentrate which includes a salt of orthophosphoric acid; a dibasicdioic acid in an amount of up to about 5.0% by weight of the concentrate; an essentially phosphonate-free chelating agent; and, a neutralizing base. The composition may also include a lubricating agent, a coupling agent, a passavating agent, a biocide, and a colorant.
Abstract:
A method of cooling and lubricating work pieces during grinding and severe machining operations by means of cubic boron nitride comprises the step of supplying to the work pieces, as a coolant and lubricant, a copolymer of an alkylene oxide having from 2 to 3 carbon atoms with an alkylene glycol having from 2 to 3 carbon atoms, having an average molecular weight from 190 to 400, and having a flash point over 340 degrees F.
Abstract:
Die Erfindung betrifft die Verwendung von 3-Acylamino-1,2,4-triazolen der allgemeinen Formel (I) und von 1-Acyl-3-amino-1,2,4-triazolen der allgemeinen Formel (II) in denen R ein geradkettiger oder verzweigter Alkylrest mit 1 bis 11 C-Atomen oder ein Phenylrest ist, sowie deren Gemischen als Korrosionsinhibitoren für Buntmetalle in wäßrigen Systemen, Ölen und ölhaltigen Emulsionen.
Abstract:
Novel monodispersed crystalline mixed metal layered hydroxide compounds of the general formula: where m is from zero to about 1; D is a divalent metal; d is from zero to about 4; T is a trivalent metal; A represents anions or negative-valence radicals of valence n; na is from zero to about-3; (m+d) is greater than zero; a is the number of A ions; q is from zero to about 6; and (m+2d+3+na) is equal to or greater than 3. The D metal is preferably Mg and the T metal is preferably A1. These compounds are useful as gelling agents which impart beneficial thixotropic properties to various fluids, such as drilling fluids, especially when employed along with fluid loss agents.
I. (LiA x ) y ·2Al(OH) 3 ·nH 2 O II. Li(R) v r 2Al(OH) 3 ·nH 2 O, or III. M m (R) v r (D) w z 2Al(OH) 3 ·nH 2 O
wherein A is one or more anions and/or negative-valence radicals or mixtures thereof; wherein, in formula I, x is a quantity of A ions or radicals sufficient to substantially satisfy the valence requirements of Li; wherein n is zero or the number of waters of hydration; wherein y is a numerical value at least sufficient to maintain the crystalline structure; wherein R is a monocarboxylic acid or dicarboxylic acid of C 6 -C 22 , including those which are OH - substituted; wherein r is greater than zero and represents the number of R ions in the molecule; wherein v is the valence of R, being monovalent or divalent; wherein M is divalent Zn or Ca cations; wherein D represents inorganic anions of valence 1-3, represented by w; wherein z is equal to or greater than zero and represents the number of D anions; wherein, in formula II, vr represents an amount of R anions to substantially satisfy the valence requirements of Li; wherein, in formula III, r>z and (vr + wz) represents an amount of combined anions, R and A, to substantially satisfy the valence requirements of M; with m representing the number of divalent M cations and having a numerical value in the range of 1 to 4. are found to improve the coefficient of friction and antiwear properties of lubrication fluids subjected to shearing, rubbing, or grinding forces at elevated pressure. Also, useful compositions are prepared by incorporating into organic materials, crystalline lithium aluminates of formula 1.
(a) an oil phase (b) an aqueous phase (c) at least one emulsifier, and (d) at least one aliphatic diol of the formula
where
R and R" are independently hydrogen or C 1 -C 18 aliphatic groups, each R' is independently hydrogen or a C,-C 20 aliphatic group, n is an integer of 1-4, with the provisos that the number of carbon atoms in R is different than the number of carbon atoms in R", and the total number of carbon atoms in I is from 5 to about 25.
The aliphatic diol (1) is preferably 2-ethyl-1. 3-hexanediol. The microemulsions are useful as fire-resistant hydraulic fluids.