Abstract:
Apparatus and methods are provided for converting methane in a feed stream to acetylene. A hydrocarbon stream is introduced into a supersonic reactor and pyrolyzed to convert at least a portion of the methane to acetylene. The reactor effluent stream may be treated to convert acetylene to another hydrocarbon process. An acid washing system is employed to wash the reactor effluent to remove any copper acetylide byproducts that may be present in the reactor effluent, or alternatively to decompose any copper acetylide byproducts that may remain in the reactor after shutdown of the reactor.
Abstract:
Methods and reactors are provided for producing acetylene. The method includes combusting a fuel with oxygen in a combustor to produce a carrier gas, and accelerating the carrier gas to a supersonic speed in a converging/diverging nozzle prior to the carrier gas entering a reaction zone. A nozzle exit temperature of the carrier gas is controlled from 1,200 degrees centigrade (°C) to 2,500 °C by adding a heat sink gas to the carrier gas before the reaction zone, where the heat sink gas is different than the fuel and the oxygen. Methane is added to the carrier gas in the reaction zone, and a shock wave is produced in the reaction zone by adjusting a back pressure such that the methane reacts to form acetylene.
Abstract:
The present invention concerns nanometric-sized ceramic materials in the form of multiple crystalline structures, composites, or solid solutions, the process for their synthesis, and uses thereof. These materials are mainly obtained by detonation of two water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions, one of which is prepared with precursors in order to present a detonation regime with temperature lower than 2000°C, and they present a high chemical and crystalline phase homogeneity, individually for each particle, as well as a set of complementary properties adjustable according to the final applications, such as a homogeneous distribution of the primary particles, very high chemical purity level, crystallite size below 50 nm, surface areas by mass unit between 25 and 500 m2/g, and true particle densities higher than 98% of the theoretical density. This set of characteristics makes this materials particularly suitable for a vast range of applications in the nanotechnology field, such as, for example, nanocoatings, magnetic nanofluids, nanocatalysts, nanosensors, nanopigments, nanoadditives, ultra light nanocomposites, drug release nanoparticles, nanomarkers, nanometric films, etc.
Abstract:
An apparatus and method for in situ gas-phase formation and deflagration of nitrocellulose. A nitrating agent such as nitric acid and cellulose are delivered separately to a reaction chamber, where a brief heating pulse initiates nitration of the cellulose and deflagration of the nitrocellulose thus produced. Discharge of the high-pressure gases produced by the deflagration from the reaction chamber can then be used to drive an actuator, turbine, etc.
Abstract:
Настоящее изобретение относится к химии углерода и представляет собой наноалмаз, содержащий, масс. %: углерод 90,2-98,0; водород 0,1-5,0; азот 1,5-3,0; кислород 0,1-4,5, и при этом содержит углерод в виде алмазной кубической модификации и в рентгеноаморфной фазе в соотношении (82-95) : (18-5) масс. % по массе углерода, соответственно, и способ его получения, включающий детонацию в замкнутом объеме в газовой среде, инертной к углероду, углеродсодержащего взрывчатого вещества с отрицательным кислородным балансом, помещенного в оболочку из конденсированной фазы, содержащей восстановитель при количественном соотношении массы восстановителя в конденсированной фазе к массе используемого углеродсодержащего взрывчатого вещества не менее 0,01:1, и химическую очистку путем обработки подуктов детонации 2-4%-ной водной азотной кислотой совместно с кислородом сжатого воздуха при температуре 200-2800С и давлении 5-15 МПа.
Abstract:
Disclosed is a pulsed device for gas compression which includes a body (1) containing a cylindrical chamber (5) divided into two compartments (6, 7) as well as a free-running piston (8). The compartment (6) is adapted to carry out chemical or physico-chemical processes. The device has blow-off holes (9, 10, 11) in the lateral wall of the body (1) as well as at least one gas distribution unit (19) located in the wall of the body (1). The piston (8) is hollow and contains an open enclosure (21) communicating with another enclosure (7) of the cylindrical chamber (5) used to startup said device and to cool the piston (8). The gas distribution unit (19), represented by a throttle, is located on the side of the enclosure (7) of the cylindrical chamber (5) used to startup said device and to cool the piston (8).
Abstract:
This invention pertains to the production of a compact superhard material from diamond and/or adamantine modifications of boron nitride, and provides compact superhard materials with high working properties. This method essentially comprises, before preliminary plastic deformation, adding, as a metallic linking agent to the superhard material powder, 3 - 90 vol.% of ultra-dispersive powder of a metal from the iron group with a particle size ranging between 100 and 1000 ANGSTROM . The final plastic deformation is obtained by a shock wave with a 1-25 GPa front amplitude and/or by plastic deformation at a temperature of 600 to 900 DEG C and with a deformation speed from 10 to 10 c .
Abstract:
High density boron nitride crystal aggregate is prepared by compacting high density boron nitride powder using an apparatus comprising a first hollow, substantially cylindrical container (11) containing the boron nitride powder (13), a fluid-like material (15), a second hollow, substantially cylindrical, rigid container (17) and high explosive material (18) which produces shock waves.