Abstract:
This is a catalyst and a process for partially hydrogenating polycyclic and monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, naphthalenes, biphenyls, and alkylbenzenes to produce the corresponding cycloolefins. The catalyst is a hydrogenation catalyst comprising ruthenium and a promoter metal, such as cobalt, on a composite support. It is a process in which the product cycloolefin is produced in high yield and with high selectivity.
Abstract:
This invention is a catalyst comprising cerium bromide on a baddeleyite phase zirconia support and a process using that catalyst to form elemental bromine. The figure shows an embodiment of the inventive process wherein HBr and oxygen are mixed to form a reactor feedstream (214) which is then introduced into reactor (216) that contains the catalyst. The reaction product stream (218) is cooled and separated to produce the desired Br2 product stream (258).
Abstract:
This invention is a composite catalyst comprising a water-gas shift catalyst coated by a thin film zeolitic material which, in turn has a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst deposited on its outer surface. The zeolite has the function of allowing short chain hydrocarbons and steam to the water-gas shift catalyst and to allow the return of the carbon monoxide and hydrogen products back to the Fischer-Tropsch catalyst at its outer surface. The process utilizing this catalyst composite makes use of the complementary properties of the various catalyst portions. A stream of short chain hydrocarbons (e.g., C1-C4 alkanes or alkenes) and steam is passed to the catalyst composite where it diffuses past the Fischer-Tropsch catalyst through the zeolitic layer to the water-gas shift catalyst. At that surface, the short chain hydrocarbon reacts with water to produce carbon monoxide and hydrogen. These products then diffuse back to the surface where they react on the Fischer-Tropsch catalyst to produce hydrocarbon oligomers.
Abstract:
This invention is a combustion process having a series of stages in which a fuel/oxygen-gas-containing mixture (16, 18) is combusted stepwise using a series of specific catalysts and catalytic structures (figure 2) and, optionally, a final homogeneous combustion zone to produce a combusted gas at a selected temperature preferably between 1050 DEG and 1700 DEG C. Depending upon the pressure of operation, there may be two or three discrete catalytic stages (stages 1, 2 and 3). The choice of catalysts and the use of specific structures, including those employing integral heat exchange (44) results in a catalyst and its support which are stable due to their comparatively low temperature, do not deteriorate, and yet the product combustion gas is at a temperature suitable for use in a gas turbine, furnace, boiler, or the like, but has low NOx content. Neither fuel nor air is added to the combustion process except in the initial stage.
Abstract:
This invention is a catalyst structure having integral heat exchange surfaces. This feature allows use of the structure in highly exothermic process, such as a combustion process, while maintaining the catalyst and the structure wall at a temperature below the adiabatic combustion temperature of the combustible gas.
Abstract:
This invention is a process for detecting low concentration levels of sulfur oxides (SO2) in a flowing gas stream (typically a combustion exhaust gas stream) and a catalytic SO2 sensor system which may be used in that process.
Abstract:
This invention is a self-contained NOx sensor assembly. It may be used to detect NOx levels in a flowing gas stream such as might be found in an exhaust gas from a combustion process and to produce a measurable electrical output related to the content of NOx measured. The NOx sensor assembly is of a configuration that may be detached from a mounting and replaced. The sensor assembly comprises two sensor elements one of which is made up of a catalyst on a temperature measuring device. The other is a gas stream ambient temperature measuring device. The catalyst is selected and configured so that it selectively reduces NOx and the resulting heat of the reaction raises the temperature of the allied temperature measuring device. The sensor assembly also contains a NOx reductant source. The sensor assembly may be placed in a moving vehicle for measuring NOx levels in its exhaust gas.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a process for the separation of various dialkyl multinuclear aromatic compounds from a feed stream of mixed isomers of those compounds. A shape selective adsorbent is employed resulting in a process that is more efficient than processes based upon prior separation techniques. Of special interest are combination processes involving synthesis steps followed by sorption steps using the same shape selective materials.
Abstract:
Tischtschenko condensation of aldehydes is used to remove aldehydes from dry ketone-containing streams. The Tischtschenko condensation is used to condense the aldehydes into esters whose boiling points are significantly different than the ketones, greatly simplifying the separation of the esters from the ketones. An organic extraction step is used to obtain a substantially dry ketone containing stream. One particularly preferred class of extraction solvents is selected from the group consisting of butane, pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, nonane, decane and mixtures thereof. In particularly preferred embodiments, the Tischtschenko reaction is used in the context of aqueous-phase catalyzed olefin oxidation to ketones. The aldehyde to ester condensation permits easy and efficient removal of the aldehyde analogs of the desired ketones.
Abstract:
This invention is an improved catalyst structure and its use in highly exothermic processes like catalytic combustion. This improved catalyst structure employs integral heat exchange in an array of longitudinally disposed, adjacent reaction passage-ways or channels, which are either catalyst-coated or catalyst-free, wherein the configuration of the catalyst-coated channels differs from the non-catalyst channels such that, when applied in exothermic reaction processes, such as catalytic combustion, the desired reaction is promoted in the catalytic channels and substantially limited in the non-catalyst channels.