Abstract:
A novel method and device for manipulating ferrofluids for use in cementing wells are disclosed. The cementitious fluids may comprise: (a) a hydraulic cement, (b) finely divided magnetic particles, (c) a binding agent or a surfactant, and (d) a liquid medium. The binding agent or surfactant is present in the compositions in an amount sufficient to render the compositions stable in a magnetic field. When used in cementing wells, the cementitious ferrofluids are implaced in the annulus separating a casing from the formation in a wellbore by conventional techniques and the slurry is subsequently subjected to an activating alternating magnetic field that causes movement of the flurry. The non-cementitious ferrofluids comprise: (a) finely divided magnetic particles, (b) stabilizing agent, and (c) a liquid medium. The movement of the slurry results in a "scrubbing" action against the surface of the casing and formation surfaces, and a mixing of the slurry which helps displace any residual drilling mud. The net result is better bonding of the cement to the casing and formation.
Abstract:
A method of marring a fiber optic substrate by supporting a length of the substrate on a tapered surface of an elongate support and causing relative movement between at least one roller and the support lengthwise of the support with the roller pressing the substrate against the tapered surface and the roller rolling along the substrate. At least one of the roller and the support include an abrasive surface for marring the substrate during such relative movement therebetween.
Abstract:
Methods and systems for marring fiber optic substrates may include rollers with abrasive surfaces that press lengths of the substrates against elongated supports, which may be tapered, during relative lengthwise movement between the rollers and supports; abrasive sheets that are vibrated against the substrates; abrasive flap wheels that are rotated to cause flexible abrasive flaps on the wheels to strike the substrates; rotating blades that cut a transverse marring pattern in the substrates; hammers having abrasive surfaces that are oscillated to strike the substrates; and water jet abrasive slurries that are directed at the substrates.
Abstract:
Methods and systems for marring fiber optic substrates may include rollers with abrasive surfaces that press lengths of the substrates against elongated supports, which may be tapered, during relative lengthwise movement between the rollers and supports; abrasive sheets that are vibrated against the substrates; abrasive flap wheels that are rotated to cause flexible abrasive flaps on the wheels to strike the substrates; rotating blades that cut a transverse marring pattern in the substrates; hammers having abrasive surfaces that are oscillated to strike the substrates; and water jet abrasive slurries that are directed at the substrates.
Abstract:
Fiber optic light panel assemblies include a panel member having one or more layers of individual optical fibers arranged in close proximity to each other. One or more of the optical fibers may be completely severed adjacent the light receiving end of the panel member to prevent any light entering the light receiving end from being transmitted through the severed optical fibers. At least some of the severed optical fibers may extend along one or more side edges of the panel member and/or intermediate the side edges. A slot may extend through an unlighted end of the panel member toward the light receiving end intermediate the side edges that sever a number of the optical fibers at the innermost end of the slot. The panel member may also be cut into a plurality of smaller width panel sections to provide gaps between the panel sections. One or both ends of the panel member (including any smaller width panel sections) and/or any severed ends of the optical fibers may be masked with a light absorbent material to absorb any light emitted therefrom.
Abstract:
A reciprocating pump and a capillary viscometer utilizing the same. Preferably, the inventive reciprocating pump is a syringe pump comprising: a cylinder, an actuated piston, and a floating piston. A chamber is created between the actuated piston and floating piston which may be filled with a pressurant to establish the quiescent pressure of the test fluid. The capillary viscometer comprises: a capillary tube wound about a heated mandrel, a differential pressure transducer, and a reciprocating pump. Test fluid is first pumped at a known rate from a first chamber, through the capillary tube, and into a second chamber. The pump is then reversed and the test fluid is then pumped from the second chamber, back through the capillary tube, and back into the first chamber. The process may be repeated in a continuous, reciprocating manner.