公开(公告)号：AU4523889A

公开(公告)日：1990-05-14

申请号：AU4523889

申请日：1989-10-27

Applicant: NELLCOR INCORPORATED

Inventor： GOODMAN DAVID E ,  WARRING JESSICA A ,  MANNHEIMER PAUL D

IPC: A61B5/145 ,  A61B5/00 ,  A61B5/1455 ,  A61B5/1464 ,  A61B5/288 ,  A61B5/0448

Abstract: An apparatus for use in measuring fetal blood flow characteristics. The apparatus includes a non-invasive pulse oximetry probe that is inserted into the uterus between the fetus and the uterine wall. The probe is deformable and is positively attached to the fetal tissue surface using a vacuum pump which causes the probe to deform from a pre-set curvature to the curvature of the fetal tissue surface and to form a gasket-type seal with the fetal tissue surface. The probe is manually inserted into the uterus using a curved insertion tool, and is shaped to fit through a slightly dilated cervix. In a preferred embodiment, the probe includes fetal and maternal ECG sensors and additional sensing devices, and is provided with apparatus for improving the efficiency of the pulse oximetry optics.

公开(公告)号：US20020137994A1

公开(公告)日：2002-09-26

申请号：US10072589

申请日：2002-02-05

Applicant: Nellcor Incorporated, a Delaware corporation

Inventor： Clark R. Baker JR. ,  Thomas J. Yorkey

IPC: A61B005/00

CPC classification number: A61B5/7203 ,  A61B5/0075 ,  A61B5/024 ,  A61B5/02416 ,  A61B5/14551 ,  A61B5/14552 ,  A61B5/7207 ,  A61B5/7239 ,  A61B5/725 ,  G06F19/00 ,  H03H21/003

Abstract: A method and apparatus for reducing the effects of noise on a system for measuring physiological parameters, such as, for example, a pulse oximeter. The method and apparatus of the invention take into account the physical limitations on various physiological parameters being monitored when weighting and averaging a series of measurements. Varying weights are assigned different measurements, measurements are rejected, and the averaging period is adjusted according to the reliability of the measurements. Similarly, calculated values derived from analyzing the measurements are also assigned varying weights and averaged over adjustable periods. More specifically, a general class of filters such as, for example, Kalman filters, is employed in processing the measurements and calculated values. The filters use mathematical models which describe how the physiological parameters change in time, and how these parameters relate to measurement in a noisy environment. The filters adaptively modify a set of averaging weights to optimally estimate the physiological parameters.

Abstract translation: 一种用于减少噪声对用于测量生理参数的系统的影响的方法和装置，例如脉搏血氧计。 本发明的方法和装置考虑到当加权和平均一系列测量时监测的各种生理参数的物理限制。 不同的权重被分配不同的测量，测量被拒绝，平均期间根据测量的可靠性进行调整。 类似地，从分析测量得到的计算值也被赋予变化的权重并且在可调周期上平均。 更具体地，在处理测量值和计算值时，采用一般的滤波器类，例如卡尔曼滤波器。 过滤器使用描述生理参数如何随时间变化的数学模型，以及这些参数如何与嘈杂环境中的测量相关。 滤波器自适应地修改一组平均权重以最佳地估计生理参数。

公开(公告)号：US20040158135A1

公开(公告)日：2004-08-12

申请号：US10775497

申请日：2004-02-09

Applicant: Nellcor Incorporated, a Delaware corporation

Inventor： Clark R. Baker JR. ,  Thomas J. Yorkey

IPC: A61B005/00

CPC classification number: A61B5/7203 ,  A61B5/0075 ,  A61B5/024 ,  A61B5/02416 ,  A61B5/14551 ,  A61B5/14552 ,  A61B5/7207 ,  A61B5/7239 ,  A61B5/725 ,  G06F19/00 ,  H03H21/003

Abstract: A method and apparatus for reducing the effects of noise on a system for measuring physiological parameters, such as, for example, a pulse oximeter. The method and apparatus of the invention take into account the physical limitations on various physiological parameters being monitored when weighting and averaging a series of measurements. Varying weights are assigned different measurements, measurements are rejected, and the averaging period is adjusted according to the reliability of the measurements. Similarly, calculated values derived from analyzing the measurements are also assigned varying weights and averaged over adjustable periods. More specifically, a general class of filters such as, for example, Kalman filters, is employed in processing the measurements and calculated values. The filters use mathematical models which describe how the physiological parameters change in time, and how these parameters relate to measurement in a noisy environment. The filters adaptively modify a set of averaging weights to optimally estimate the physiological parameters.

Abstract translation: 一种用于减少噪声对用于测量生理参数的系统的影响的方法和装置，例如脉搏血氧计。 本发明的方法和装置考虑到当加权和平均一系列测量时监测的各种生理参数的物理限制。 不同的权重被分配不同的测量，测量被拒绝，平均期间根据测量的可靠性进行调整。 类似地，从分析测量得到的计算值也被赋予变化的权重并且在可调周期上平均。 更具体地，在处理测量值和计算值时，采用一般的滤波器类，例如卡尔曼滤波器。 过滤器使用描述生理参数如何随时间变化的数学模型，以及这些参数如何与嘈杂环境中的测量相关。 滤波器自适应地修改一组平均权重以最佳地估计生理参数。

公开(公告)号：WO1993015572A1

公开(公告)日：1993-08-05

申请号：PCT/US1993000641

申请日：1993-01-25

Applicant: NELLCOR INCORPORATED

Inventor： NELLCOR INCORPORATED ,  FISCHER, Michael

IPC: H04J03/26

CPC classification number: H04L12/28 ,  H04L29/12207 ,  H04L29/12801 ,  H04L47/24 ,  H04L47/32 ,  H04L61/20 ,  H04L61/6004 ,  H04L69/22 ,  H04L69/32 ,  H04L2212/00 ,  H04W8/26 ,  H04W28/065 ,  H04W88/16

Abstract: A network or telemetry system (10) which allows virtual services at the application or presentation layer to communicate with other virtual services without regard to the physical interconnections. Each message, called a parcel, includes the information to be transmitted along with a virtual address header. The parcel is provided to a gateway (12, 26), which inserts the parcel without modification into a packet with address information for the physical through session layers in the packet header. The packet is then transmitted to another network node (62, 64, 66, 68, 70, 72) which receives and delivers the unmodified parcel to the addressed destination virtual service. A number of parcels from the same or different virtual services can be packed into a signal packet (712) for transmission from the gateway in cases where these parcels are all directed to virtual services at the same destination node. Once a session is established, such as between a gateway and a workstation, virtual services at the gateway node and the workstation can communicate with each other without requiring a lot of header overhead for each transmission.

Abstract translation: 网络或遥测系统（10），其允许应用或表示层的虚拟服务与其他虚拟服务通信，而不考虑物理互连。 称为包裹的每个消息都包含要与虚拟地址头一起发送的信息。 该包裹被提供给网关（12,26），网关（12,26）将包裹而不修改地插入具有数据包头中的物理通过会话层的地址信息的分组。 然后，该分组被发送到另一个网络节点（62,64,66,68,70,72），其接收并将未修改的包裹传送到寻址的目的地虚拟服务。 在相同或不同的虚拟业务的一些包裹可以被打包成信号包（712），用于在这些包裹都被引导到相同目的地节点处的虚拟服务的情况下从网关发送。 一旦建立会话，例如在网关和工作站之间，则网关节点和工作站处的虚拟服务可以彼此通信，而不需要每次传输的大量头部开销。

公开(公告)号：WO1988002889A1

公开(公告)日：1988-04-21

申请号：PCT/US1987002757

申请日：1987-10-16

Applicant: NELLCOR, INCORPORATED

Inventor： NELLCOR, INCORPORATED ,  CORENMAN, James, E. ,  GOLDBERGER, Daniel, S. ,  BRAIG, James, R. ,  ROJAS, Emil, P. ,  STONE, James, H.

IPC: G06F15/46

CPC classification number: G01N21/3504 ,  G01N2021/3129 ,  G01N2201/121

Abstract: An improved gas analyzer system and method for detecting and displaying the constituent gases of a respiratory gas stream, the system comprising an optical bench comprising a gas pathway for the flow of a gas stream, a flow shaping inlet (228) three infrared detection (206, 208, 210) channel assemblies for measuring the partial pressures of constituent gases, and measuring sensitivity changes in the detectors of the three infrared detection channel assemblies (206, 208, 210), a pressure sensor (274, 276) for measuring the pressure within the gas pathway, a temperature sensor for measuring the temperature within the optical bench, a flow rate sensor for measuring the gas flow rate through the gas pathway; analog processing circuitry for processing the detected partial gas pressures, sensitivity changes, the measured values for pressure, temperature, and flow rate; and display processing circuitry.

公开(公告)号：WO1986005674A1

公开(公告)日：1986-10-09

申请号：PCT/US1986000625

申请日：1986-03-31

Applicant: NELLCOR INCORPORATED

Inventor： NELLCOR INCORPORATED ,  GOODMAN, David, E. ,  CORENMAN, James, E.

IPC: A61B05/00

CPC classification number: A61B5/14551 ,  A61B5/02416 ,  A61B5/0245 ,  A61B5/04282 ,  A61B5/7207

Abstract: A method and apparatus for measuring and correlating a patient's heart activity with optical detection of the patient's blood flow. The method and apparatus permit more accurate determination of blood flow characteristics such as oxygen saturation and pulse rate. In a preferred embodiment, the heart activity is detected by monitoring the patient's EKG waveform (100), and the blood flow is detected by a non-invasive pulse oximeter (200). The occurrence of the R wave portion of the EKG signal is detected and the time delay by which an arterial pulse follows the R wave is determined to establish a time window in which an arterial is to be expected. The established time window provides the oximeter (200) with a parameter enabling the oximeter (200) to analyze the blood flow only when it is likely to present an arterial blood pulse for waveform analysis. The invention also includes means for adjusting the polarity of the detected EKG signal (160) to obtain a preselected uniform upgoing or downgoing polarity.

公开(公告)号：WO1995016388A1

公开(公告)日：1995-06-22

申请号：PCT/US1994013586

申请日：1994-11-22

Applicant: NELLCOR INCORPORATED

Inventor： NELLCOR INCORPORATED ,  MERCHANT, Adnan, I. ,  BERNSTEIN, Michael

IPC: A61B05/00

CPC classification number: A61B5/14551 ,  A61B5/0017

Abstract: The present invention provides a medical sensor for detecting a blood characteristic. The sensor includes a transducer for producing an analog signal related to the blood characteristic. The analog signal is converted into a transmission signal which is in amplitude-independent form for transmission to a remote analyzer. In one embodiment, a current-to-frequency converter converts a signal from a pulse oximeter sensor into a frequency signal which can be transmitted over a transmission line to a remote pulse oximeter.

Abstract translation: 本发明提供一种用于检测血液特性的医疗传感器。 传感器包括用于产生与血液特性相关的模拟信号的换能器。 模拟信号被转换为与振幅无关的传输信号，用于传输到远程分析仪。 在一个实施例中，电流 - 频率转换器将来自脉搏血氧计传感器的信号转换成可以通过传输线传输到远程脉搏血氧计的频率信号。

公开(公告)号：WO1995016387A1

公开(公告)日：1995-06-22

申请号：PCT/US1994013497

申请日：1994-11-22

Applicant: NELLCOR INCORPORATED

Inventor： NELLCOR INCORPORATED ,  FEIN, Michael E. ,  JENKINS, David C. ,  BERNSTEIN, Michael, J. ,  VENKATACHALAM, K., L. ,  MERCHANT, Adnan, I. ,  BOWDEN, Charles, H.

IPC: A61B05/00

CPC classification number: A61B5/14551 ,  A61B5/0002 ,  A61B5/7228 ,  A61B2562/08

Abstract: The present invention provides an encoding mechanism for a medical sensor which uses a modulated signal to provide the coded data to a remote analyser. The modulated signal could be, for instance, a pulse width modulated signal or a frequency modulated signal. This signal is amplitude independent and thus provides a significant amount of noise immunity.

Abstract translation: 本发明提供了一种用于医疗传感器的编码机构，其使用调制信号将编码数据提供给远程分析器。 调制信号可以是例如脉冲宽度调制信号或调频信号。 该信号是幅度无关的，因此提供了大量的抗噪声能力。

公开(公告)号：WO1994022362A1

公开(公告)日：1994-10-13

申请号：PCT/US1994003546

申请日：1994-03-31

Applicant: NELLCOR INCORPORATED ,  HOLLUB, Seth, D.

Inventor： NELLCOR INCORPORATED

IPC: A61B05/00

CPC classification number: A61B5/14551 ,  G05B19/0423 ,  G05B2219/25249 ,  G05B2219/2657

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring the concentration of blood constituents in which the architecture of the electronic processor reduces the amount of controller processing time required for tasks such as data acquisition and generation of system control signals. A demodulator is coupled to a probe for converting a first electrical signal to digital data. An interface is coupled to the demodulator for receiving the digital data and generating interrupts when a first amount of the digital data has been received. A buffer memory is coupled to the interface for storing the digital data. A controller having a controller memory (in specific embodiments, a CPU having a CPU memory) is also coupled to the buffer memory. The controller transfers the digital data from the buffer memory to the controller memory in response to the interrupts. The controller then processes the digital data to calculate the arterial oxygen concentration.

Abstract translation: 一种用于测量血液成分浓度的装置，其中电子处理器的架构减少了诸如数据采集和产生系统控制信号的任务所需的控制器处理时间量。 解调器耦合到探针，用于将第一电信号转换成数字数据。 接口耦合到解调器，用于接收数字数据，并且当已经接收到第一数量的数据量时产生中断。 缓冲存储器耦合到接口以存储数字数据。 具有控制器存储器（在具体实施例中，具有CPU存储器的CPU）的控制器也耦合到缓冲存储器。 控制器响应中断将数字数据从缓冲存储器传送到控制器存储器。 然后，控制器处理数字数据以计算动脉氧浓度。

公开(公告)号：WO1995026676A1

公开(公告)日：1995-10-12

申请号：PCT/US1995004050

申请日：1995-03-31

Applicant: NELLCOR INCORPORATED ,  CASCIANI, James, R. ,  MANNHEIMER, Paul, D. ,  NIERLICH, Steve, L. ,  RUSKEWICZ, Stephen, J.

Inventor： NELLCOR INCORPORATED

IPC: A61B05/00

CPC classification number: A61B5/1464 ,  A61B5/14542 ,  A61B5/7207 ,  A61B2562/0242 ,  H01L2224/32245 ,  H01L2224/48091 ,  H01L2224/48247 ,  H01L2224/73265 ,  H01L2924/3011 ,  H01L2924/00014 ,  H01L2924/00

Abstract: A pulse oximeter sensor (410) with a light source optimized for low oxygen saturation ranges and for maximizing the immunity to perturbation induced artifact. Preferably, a red (112) and an infrared light source (114) are used, with the red light source (112) having a mean wavelength between 700-790 nm. The infrared light source (114) can have a mean wavelength as in prior art devices used on patients with high saturation. The sensor of the present invention is further optimized by arranging the spacing between the light emitter (112, 114) and light detectors (116) to minimize the sensitivity to perturbation induced artifact. The present invention optimizes the chosen wavelengths to achieve a closer matching of the absorption and scattering coefficient products for the red and IR light sources. This optimization gives robust readings in the presence of perturbation artifacts including force variations, tissue variations and variations in the oxygen saturation itself.

Abstract translation: 具有针对低氧饱和度优化的光源的脉冲血氧计传感器（410），并且用于最大化对扰动诱发的伪影的免疫力。 优选地，使用红色（112）和红外光源（114），红色光源（112）的平均波长在700-790nm之间。 红外光源（114）可以具有与在高饱和度患者中使用的现有技术装置中的平均波长。 通过布置光发射器（112,114）和光检测器（116）之间的间隔来进一步优化本发明的传感器，以最小化对扰动诱发的伪影的灵敏度。 本发明优化所选择的波长，以实现红色和红外光源的吸收和散射系数乘积的更接近的匹配。 这种优化在存在扰动伪影的情况下提供鲁棒的读数，包括力变化，组织变化和氧饱和度本身的变化。