Abstract:
In a Hall-Heroult cell for aluminum production, a cryolite-resistant liner comprising: a) between about 75 weight percent w/o and about 95 w/o alumina-silica refractory grain, and b) between about 2 w/o and about 10 w/o of a sealant selected from the group consisting of zinc borate; sulfur; R1 Al/x/2 Siy/2 Oz/2, R2(OH)2, R2CO3, R2SO4: 2H2O, and R2SiO3; wherein: i) R1 is selected from the group consisting of Na, K, and Li, and mixtures thereof, ii) x, y and z are integers between 1 and 16, inclusive, and iii) R2 is selected from the group consisting of Ca, Sr and Mg.
Abstract:
Sol-gel alumina that is dried but unfired can be explosively comminuted by feeding the dried gel into a furnace held at temperatures above those at which vaporizable materials are eliminated from the particles of gel. At suitably elevated temperatures the firing is sufficient to form fully densified alpha alumina particles of a size suitable for direct use as abrasive grits.
Abstract:
Seeded sol-gel alumina abrasive grits with improved grinding performance incorporating alkali metal oxides selected from rubidium and caesium oxides.
Abstract:
Alpha alumina abrasive grits with grain boundaries modified with at least one of yttria and a rare earth metal oxide, and one or more oxides selected from the oxides of magnesium and/or transition elements, perform at enhanced levels if at least the yttria and/or rare earth metal oxide modifiers are present within the body of the grit in concentrations at least as high as their concentrations at the surface of the grit.
Abstract:
Shaped ceramic articles can be obtained by forcing a ceramic precursor gel into a belt provided with apertures corresponding to the shapes of the desired articles, freezing the gel in the apertures so that they can be removed without losing structural integrity and then removing the frozen articles from the belt and drying and firing them to produce the desired shaped ceramic articles.
Abstract:
A process is described for the production of alumina/zirconia materials which uses cheap scrap alumina/zirconia/silica material as feedstock along with a reducing agent to lower the final silica content to an acceptable level.
Abstract:
A ceramic igniter comprising: (a) a lead wire, (b) a ceramic substrate, and (c) a braze pad having a thickness of less than about 150 microns, wherein the lead wire and ceramic substrate are placed in electrical connection by the braze pad.