Abstract:
A method for estimating an equivalent impedance of an electrical grid (10) comprises: receiving a plurality of measurement values of a grid voltage V pcc ti and a grid current I pcc ti , measured over a time interval at different time points; minimizing an objective function ( S ) based on the measurement values V pcc ti I pcc ti , a grid voltage parameter ( X̃ 0 ), and parameters ( X̃ 1 ) of the equivalent impedance, which objective function ( S ) comprises a length of an error vector (ε); and determining the equivalent impedance ( X 1 ) by dividing the parameters of the equivalent impedance ( X̃ 1 ) by the grid voltage parameter ( X̃ 0 ). The error vector (ε) is composed of a grid voltage based vector ( VX̃ 0 ) based on grid voltage measurements V pcc ti times the grid voltage parameter ( X̃ 0 ) and a grid current based vector ( A 1 X̃ 1 ) based on grid current measurements I pcc ti times the parameters ( X̃ 1 ) of the equivalent impedance.
Abstract:
The present invention is directed towards a method, a system, and a device which allow an improved synchronization of a system-wide timing information over a network. Hence, slave clocks can be synchronized to a high quality clock, such as a master clock.
Abstract:
In order to transmit a combination of modulated analog and digital signals in which a digital data signal (D1) is modulated by means of singlecarrier quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) or by means of multicarrier Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex (OFDM) modulation and an analog signal (A1) is modulated by means of single side band modulation (SSB), a singlecarrier or multicarrier quadrature amplitude base modulation of the digital data signal (D1) and an SSB base modulation of the analog signal (A1), is performed. Corresponding components of the modulated and optionally upsampled digital (umI, omI ,umQ,OmQ)and analog (smI, smQ) signals are added, and a carrier frequency modulation (4) of the added components is performed. In a receiver, the same carrier frequency demodulator (8) is used for the superimposed modulated analog and digital signals, which then are base band demodulated separately (5, 6, 7). The invention reduces the total computational effort for modulating the digital and analog signals by performing the carrier frequency modulation or demodulation only once.
Abstract:
The present invention is directed towards a method, a system, and a device which allow an improved synchronization of a system-wide timing information over a network. Hence, slave clocks can be synchronized to a high quality clock, such as a master clock.
Abstract:
In order to transmit a combination of modulated analog and digital signals in which a digital data signal (D1) is modulated by means of singlecarrier quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) or by means of multicarrier Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex (OFDM) modulation and an analog signal (A1) is modulated by means of single side band modulation (SSB), a singlecarrier or multicarrier quadrature amplitude base modulation of the digital data signal (D1) and an SSB base modulation of the analog signal (A1), is performed. Corresponding components of the modulated and optionally upsampled digital (umI, omI ,umQ,OmQ)and analog (smI, smQ) signals are added, and a carrier frequency modulation (4) of the added components is performed. In a receiver, the same carrier frequency demodulator (8) is used for the superimposed modulated analog and digital signals, which then are base band demodulated separately (5, 6, 7). The invention reduces the total computational effort for modulating the digital and analog signals by performing the carrier frequency modulation or demodulation only once.