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公开(公告)号：US20210247610A1
公开(公告)日：2021-08-12
申请号：US17161469
申请日：2021-01-28
Applicant: Apple Inc.
Inventor： Vikrant Bhakta , Byron R. Cocilovo , Guolin Peng , Hyungryul Choi , Scott M. DeLapp , Se Baek Oh
Abstract: An electronic device may include an emissive display panel that emits light. The light may propagate along an optical path extending to an eye box. A waveguide with an input coupler and an output coupler may be interposed on the optical path. An angle-selective transmission filter (ASTF) may be interposed on the optical path and may filter the emitted light as a function of angle to remove high-angle light from the optical path before the light is provided to the output coupler. The ASTF may include diffractive grating structures such as thin-film holograms, volume holograms, or surface relief gratings, louvered mirrors, multi-layer coatings, or a pinhole array. This ASTF may serve to minimize stray light within the display, thereby optimizing the contrast and the modulation transfer function (MTF) of the display.
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公开(公告)号：US20200166756A1
公开(公告)日：2020-05-28
申请号：US16632830
申请日：2018-08-14
Applicant: Apple Inc.
Inventor： Scott M. DeLapp , Byron R. Cocilovo , Se Baek Oh , Bradley C. Steele
Abstract: An electronic device may have a display system that produces images. The display system may have one or more pixel arrays such as liquid-crystal-on-silicon pixel arrays. Images from the display system may be coupled into a waveguide by an input coupler and may be coupled out of the waveguide using an output coupler. The input and output couplers may be formed from volume phase holographic gratings. An additional grating may be used to shift light that would otherwise pass above or below the user's field of view towards the viewer. Holographic gratings in the waveguide may have fringes with constant pitch and variable period. The period at a given portion of the grating may be Bragg-matched to maximize diffraction efficiency for light of a given incident angle.
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公开(公告)号：US20240103273A1
公开(公告)日：2024-03-28
申请号：US18262902
申请日：2022-02-04
Applicant: Apple Inc.
Inventor： Francesco Aieta , Byron R. Cocilovo , Jonathan B. Pfeiffer , Se Baek Oh
CPC classification number: G02B27/0172 , G02B5/32 , G02B6/0016 , G02B6/0036 , G02B27/0093 , G02B2027/0138
Abstract: A display may include a waveguide. An input coupler may couple image light into the waveguide and an output coupler may couple the image light out of the waveguide. A surface relief grating on the waveguide may couple infrared light into the waveguide and may couple the infrared light out of the waveguide. The surface relief grating may additionally or alternatively couple reflected infrared light into the waveguide and out of the waveguide and towards an infrared sensor. The surface relief grating may also form a cross-coupler for the image light. The infrared sensor may gather infrared sensor data based on the reflected infrared light. Control circuitry may perform gaze tracking operations based on the infrared sensor data. The input and output couplers may also be formed from surface relief gratings or may include other optical components.
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公开(公告)号：US11360557B2
公开(公告)日：2022-06-14
申请号：US16984040
申请日：2020-08-03
Applicant: Apple Inc.
Inventor： Kathrin Berkner-Cieslicki , Se Baek Oh , Scott M. DeLapp , Christopher F. Griffo , Bradley C. Steele , Ting Sun , Kenichi Saito , Noah D. Bedard
Abstract: An eye tracking system for detecting position and movements of a user's eyes in a head-mounted display (HMD). The eye tracking system includes at least one eye tracking camera, an illumination source that emits infrared light towards the user's eyes, and diffraction gratings located at the eyepieces. The diffraction gratings redirect or reflect at least a portion of infrared light reflected off the user's eyes, while allowing visible light to pass. The cameras capture images of the user's eyes from the infrared light that is redirected or reflected by the diffraction gratings.
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公开(公告)号：US20220066204A1
公开(公告)日：2022-03-03
申请号：US17423196
申请日：2020-05-26
Applicant: Apple Inc.
Inventor： Jonathan B. Pfeiffer , Francesco Aieta , Se Baek Oh , Friso Schlottau , Adam C. Urness
Abstract: An electronic device may include a display that generates light for an optical system that redirects the light towards an eye box. The optical system may include a waveguide, a non-diffractive input coupler, a cross coupler, and an output coupler. The cross coupler may expand the light in a first direction. The cross coupler may perform an even number of diffractions on the light and may couple the light back into the waveguide at an angle suitable for total internal reflection. The output coupler may expand the light in a second direction while coupling the light out of the waveguide. The cross coupler may include surface relief gratings or holographic gratings embedded within the waveguide or formed in a separate substrate. The optical system may direct the light towards the eye box without chromatic dispersion and while supporting an expanded field of view and optical bandwidth.
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Patent Agency Ranking
公开(公告)号：US20210041948A1
公开(公告)日：2021-02-11
申请号：US16984040
申请日：2020-08-03
Applicant: Apple Inc.
Inventor： Kathrin Berkner-Cieslicki , Se Baek Oh , Scott M. DeLapp , Christopher F. Griffo , Bradley C. Steele , Ting Sun , Kenichi Saito , Noah D. Bedard
Abstract: An eye tracking system for detecting position and movements of a user's eyes in a head-mounted display (HMD). The eye tracking system includes at least one eye tracking camera, an illumination source that emits infrared light towards the user's eyes, and diffraction gratings located at the eyepieces. The diffraction gratings redirect or reflect at least a portion of infrared light reflected off the user's eyes, while allowing visible light to pass. The cameras capture images of the user's eyes from the infrared light that is redirected or reflected by the diffraction gratings.
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公开(公告)号：US20200057308A1
公开(公告)日：2020-02-20
申请号：US16609066
申请日：2018-06-05
Applicant: Apple Inc.
Inventor： Hyungryul Choi , Eric J Hansotte , Guolin Peng , Paul J. Gelsinger-Austin , Se Baek Oh
Abstract: An electronic device may have a reflective display with a pixel array that generates images. The reflective display may be illuminated by an illumination system. Light from the illumination system may be reflected by the pixel array as image light. The image light may be provided to a viewer using a waveguide with diffractive input and output couplers. The illumination system may have a waveguide. The illumination system may also have a light source such as one or more light-emitting diodes. Light from the light source may be coupled into the waveguide of the illumination system by a diffractive coupler such as volume hologram that serves as an input coupler. Light from the light source may be routed to the display to illuminate the display using the waveguide in the illumination system and a diffractive coupler such as a volume hologram that serves as an output coupler.
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公开(公告)号：US20200049996A1
公开(公告)日：2020-02-13
申请号：US16520718
申请日：2019-07-24
Applicant: Apple Inc.
Inventor： Jin Yan , Young Cheol Yang , Igor Stamenov , Scott M. DeLapp , Francesco Aieta , Bradley C. Steele , Enkhamgalan Dorjgotov , Se Baek Oh
IPC: G02B27/01 , G02F1/137 , G02F1/133 , G02F1/1337 , G02F1/1347 , F21V8/00
Abstract: An electronic device may have a display that provides image light to a waveguide. First and second liquid crystal lenses may be mounted to opposing surfaces of the waveguide. An coupler may couple the image light out of the waveguide through the first lens. The second lens may convey world light to the first lens. Control circuitry may control the first lens to apply a first optical power to the image light and the world light and may control the second lens to apply a second optical power to the world light that cancels out the first optical power. Each lens may include two layers of liquid crystal molecules having antiparallel pretilt angles. The pretilt angles and rubbing directions of the first lens may be antiparallel to corresponding pretilt angles and rubbing directions of the second lens about the waveguide.
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公开(公告)号：US20250093567A1
公开(公告)日：2025-03-20
申请号：US18805955
申请日：2024-08-15
Applicant: Apple Inc.
Inventor： Brandon Born , Wencong Zhu , Jong Young Hong , Se Baek Oh
Abstract: A display may include a waveguide that directs image light to an eye box. The waveguide may include an optical coupler that redirects and replicates the light. The coupler may include a surface relief grating (SRG). The SRG may have a pitch that varies continuously along an axis orthogonal its ridges. The pitch may vary sinusoidally, linearly, parabolically, or according to other continuous and differentiable functions of position along the axis. The SRG may diffract the light. Upon diffracting the light, the SRG may impart a phase to the light. The phase may vary continuously as a function of position along a first axis and may, if desired, vary continuously as a function of position along a second axis orthogonal to the first axis. The SRG may prevent formation of coherent light paths after replication, thereby maximizing the efficiency of the system.
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公开(公告)号：US12216282B2
公开(公告)日：2025-02-04
申请号：US18262902
申请日：2022-02-04
Applicant: Apple Inc.
Inventor： Francesco Aieta , Byron R. Cocilovo , Jonathan B. Pfeiffer , Se Baek Oh
Abstract: A display may include a waveguide. An input coupler may couple image light into the waveguide and an output coupler may couple the image light out of the waveguide. A surface relief grating on the waveguide may couple infrared light into the waveguide and may couple the infrared light out of the waveguide. The surface relief grating may additionally or alternatively couple reflected infrared light into the waveguide and out of the waveguide and towards an infrared sensor. The surface relief grating may also form a cross-coupler for the image light. The infrared sensor may gather infrared sensor data based on the reflected infrared light. Control circuitry may perform gaze tracking operations based on the infrared sensor data. The input and output couplers may also be formed from surface relief gratings or may include other optical components.
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