公开(公告)号：WO1988001442A1

公开(公告)日：1988-02-25

申请号：PCT/US1987001719

申请日：1987-07-23

Applicant: HUGHES AIRCRAFT COMPANY

Inventor： HUGHES AIRCRAFT COMPANY ,  ROSEN, Harold, A.

IPC: H01Q05/00

CPC classification number: H01Q15/0033 ,  H01Q5/45

Abstract: A frequency selective screen (18) is employed as a diplexer to separate each of one or more radio frequency signals into first and second bands of frequencies by allowing the first band of frequencies to pass therethrough and reflecting the second band of frequencies. The screen (18) includes an array of discrete, electrically conductive elements (32), preferably copper, formed on a substrate (33) such as a layer of polyimide. The conductive elements (32) possess a geometry which results in an equivalent electrical circuit (50) that exhibits parallel resonance, high impedance within the first band of frequencies and series resonance, low impedance within the second band of frequencies, thereby transmitting the signal in the first frequency band and reflecting the signal in the second frequency band. The screen (18) may include first and second portions (18a, 18b) in which the conductive elements (32) are respectively oriented along different axes to respectively separate horizontally and vertically polarized signals. The screen (18) may be employed in a satellite (10) to separate transmit and receive frequencies.

公开(公告)号：WO1986005158A1

公开(公告)日：1986-09-12

申请号：PCT/US1986000379

申请日：1986-02-24

Applicant: HUGHES AIRCRAFT COMPANY

Inventor： HUGHES AIRCRAFT COMPANY ,  ROSEN, Harold, A. ,  WITTMANN, Alois

IPC: B64G01/14

CPC classification number: B64G1/14

Abstract: An apparatus for transporting a spacecraft (28) and fluid propellant from the earth to a substantially low gravity environment above the earth with substantially reduced loading of the spacecraft due to forces upon the fluid propellant during the transport, the apparatus including a vehicle for carrying the spacecraft and the fluid propellant from the earth to a substantially low gravity environment above the earth; a plurality of external tanks (20, 22, 24, 26) disposed within the vehicle, external to the spacecraft, for containing the fluid propellant as the vehicle carries the spacecraft and the fluid propellant from the earth to the substantially low gravity environment above the earth; a plurality of spacecraft tanks (30, 32, 34, 36) disposed within the spacecraft for receiving the fluid propellant and for containing the fluid propellant; and means for transferring the fluid propellant from the external tanks to the spacecraft tanks in the substantially low gravity environment above the earth.

公开(公告)号：WO1986000863A1

公开(公告)日：1986-02-13

申请号：PCT/US1985001378

申请日：1985-07-19

Applicant: HUGHES AIRCRAFT COMPANY

Inventor： HUGHES AIRCRAFT COMPANY ,  SMAY, John, W. ,  ROSEN, Harold, A.

IPC: B64G01/38

CPC classification number: B64G1/281 ,  B64G1/24 ,  B64G1/38 ,  G05D1/0883

Abstract: A satellite communications system (100) incorporating a novel nutation control subsystem. A geosynchronous spin-stabilized satellite includes an antenna (113) for receiving rf signals from a ground station (101). An rf beacon pointing error sensor (115) associated with the antenna provides an error signal with a cyclic component at nutation frequency. A bandpass filter (117) is used to isolate this cyclic component. The cyclic component, which may be further phase shifted, activates a despin motor (119) of the satellite to affect spacecraft dynamics (at 121) to damp nutation.

Abstract translation: 一种包含新颖的章动控制子系统的卫星通信系统（100）。 地球同步自旋稳定卫星包括用于从地面站（101）接收rf信号的天线（113）。 与天线相关联的射频信标指向误差传感器（115）在章动频率处提供具有循环分量的误差信号。 带通滤波器（117）用于隔离该循环分量。 可以进一步相移的循环分量激活卫星的解索引电动机（119）以影响航天器的动力学（121）以减少章动。

公开(公告)号：WO1984003360A1

公开(公告)日：1984-08-30

申请号：PCT/US1983002068

申请日：1983-12-28

Applicant: HUGHES AIRCRAFT COMPANY

Inventor： HUGHES AIRCRAFT COMPANY ,  HUDSPETH, Thomas ,  ROSEN, Harold, A. ,  STEINBERG, Fritz

IPC: G01S03/32

CPC classification number: G01S3/325 ,  H04J15/00

Abstract: A modulator system (30) for converting a three-channel input microwave signal to a single-channel output microwave signal is formed of two (upper and lower) microwave sections which are joined together by a hybrid divider (94) at their inputs and by a hybrid combiner (96) at their outputs. Each of the microwave sections includes a pair of couplers (82 and 84, 88 and 90) which are joined by a Faraday rotator (86, 92). First and second microwave input signals (48, 52) are applied to a first port of the input coupler (82, 88) in each of these sections. A third microwave signal (50) is directed by the hybrid divider (94) to a second imput port in the input couplers (82, 84) of each of the microwave sections. Polarization of the third signal is vertical and is maintained through the two sections. Polarization of the first and second signals is horizontal and is maintained through the two sections. With activation of the rotator, a shift in polarization occurs resulting in appearence of the signals in both the horizontal and vertical components of an output coupler in each of the sections. The vertical component of the output couplers in each of the sections is combined by the hybrid combiner to produce the single-channel microwave signal (54). Synchronous detectors are utilized for subsequent extraction of the first and second input signals, the synchronous detectors and the Faraday rotators being driven by common sources of modulation signals wherein the rotator in one section is modulated at a rate different from the rotator in the second section.

公开(公告)号：WO1988002332A1

公开(公告)日：1988-04-07

申请号：PCT/US1987002112

申请日：1987-08-28

Applicant: HUGHES AIRCRAFT COMPANY

Inventor： HUGHES AIRCRAFT COMPANY ,  ROSEN, Harold, A.

IPC: B64G01/14

CPC classification number: F02K9/56 ,  B64G1/002 ,  B64G1/007 ,  B64G1/14 ,  B64G1/242 ,  B64G1/401 ,  B64G1/402

Abstract: An apparatus and method for launching a spacecraft (200) including a payload (202) and a delivery stage (204) having a rocket engine (37) powered by fluid bipropellant (114) from the earth into a high energy orbit and for recovering the delivery stage (204). By reducing the delivery stage mass, it becomes feasible and cost effective to recover the delivery stage (204) for reuse. Delivery stage mass is reduced by several techniques including transporting the spacecraft (200) and the fluid bipropellant (114) to a parking orbit with the fluid bipropellant in tanks (20-26) external to the spacecraft (200); transferring the fluid bipropellant (114) to light weight tanks (30-36) integral to the spacecraft (200); controlling the relative flow rates of the fluid bipropellant constituents to the rocket engine (31) during firing of the rocket engine (37) to ensure complete use of both bipropellant constituents; and controlling ascent and descent maneuvers from remote tracking stations. A space shuttle (42) can be used to transport the spacecraft (200) and fluid bipropellant (114) in its cargo bay (40) to the parking orbit and recover the delivery stage (204) at the end of a mission. The invention is particularly useful for delivery of payloads to geosynchronous orbits.

Abstract translation: 一种用于发射包括有效载荷（202）和输送台（204）的航天器（200）的装置和方法，所述载体（202）和输送台（204）具有由流体双组分推进剂（114）由地球供电至高能量轨道的火箭发动机（37） 递送阶段（204）。 通过减少传送阶段质量，恢复传送阶段（204）以便再利用变得可行且成本有效。 通过若干技术减少输送阶段质量，包括将航天器（200）和流体双组元推动剂（114）运送到与液体双组分推进剂在位于航天器（200）外部的舱（20-26）中的停车轨道上; 将所述流体双组元推进剂（114）转移到与所述航天器（200）成一体的轻量级储罐（30-36）; 在火箭发动机（37）的燃烧期间控制流体双组元推进剂组分对火箭发动机（31）的相对流速，以确保双组元推进剂组分的完全使用; 并控制远程跟踪站的上升和下降机动。 可以使用航天飞机（42）将其货舱（40）中的航天器（200）和流体双组分推进剂（114）运送到停车轨道，并在任务结束时恢复输送台（204）。 本发明对于将有效载荷递送到地球同步轨道特别有用。

公开(公告)号：WO1988001457A1

公开(公告)日：1988-02-25

申请号：PCT/US1987001720

申请日：1987-07-23

Applicant: HUGHES AIRCRAFT COMPANY

Inventor： HUGHES AIRCRAFT COMPANY ,  ROSEN, Harold, A.

IPC: H04B07/185

CPC classification number: H01Q25/00 ,  H04B7/2041 ,  Y02D70/446

Abstract: A satellite communications employs separate subsystems for providing broadcast and point-to-point two-way communications using the same assigned frequency band. The broadcast and point-to-point subsystems employ an integrated satellite antenna system which uses a common reflector (12). The point-to-point subsystem achieves increased communication capacity through the reuse of the assigned frequency band over multiple, contiguous zones (32, 34, 36, 38) covering the area of the earth to be serviced. Small aperture terminals in the zones are serviced by a plurality of high gain downlink fan beams (29) steered in the east-west direction by frequency address. A special beam-forming network (98) provides in conjunction with an array antenna (20) the multiple zone frequency address function. The satellite (10) employs a filter interconnection matrix (90) for connecting earth terminals in different zones in a manner which permits multiple reuse of the entire band of assigned frequencies. A single pool of solid state transmitters allows rain disadvantaged users to be assigned higher than normal power at minimum cost. The intermodulation products of the transmitters are geographically dispersed.

Abstract translation: 卫星通信采用单独的子系统，用于使用相同的分配频带提供广播和点对点双向通信。 广播和点对点子系统采用使用公共反射器（12）的集成卫星天线系统。 点对点子系统通过在覆盖要被维护的地球区域的多个连续区域（32,34,36,38）上重新使用分配的频带来实现增加的通信容量。 区域中的小孔径终端由多个通过频率地址在东西方向转向的高增益下行风扇波束（29）提供服务。 特殊的波束形成网络（98）结合阵列天线（20）提供多频带地址功能。 卫星（10）采用滤波器互连矩阵（90），用于以允许分配频率的整个频带的多重重用的方式在不同区域中连接接地端子。 一个单一的固态发射器池允许雨水处于不利地位的用户以最低的成本分配高于正常功率。 发射机的互调产物在地理上分散。

公开(公告)号：WO1987002191A1

公开(公告)日：1987-04-09

申请号：PCT/US1986001884

申请日：1986-09-15

Applicant: HUGHES AIRCRAFT COMPANY

Inventor： HUGHES AIRCRAFT COMPANY ,  ROSEN, Harold, A.

IPC: H01Q03/22

CPC classification number: H01Q3/22 ,  H04B7/2041

Abstract: A satellite communication system employing a satellite in a geostationary orbit about the earth for communicating with ground stations disposed along a region of the earth positioned along an arc of a great circle of the earth. The satellite carries a frequency-scanning antenna array oriented for scanning a beam of electromagnetic radiation in one plane aligned with the arc of the great circle. Each position of the beam is formed with a different frequency of the radiation. The operating frequency of each ground station is selected to match the frequency of a beam directed from the satellite to the ground station. An antenna assembly formed of two confocal parabolic reflectors provides for a multiplication of the effective aperture of an array of radiating elements of the antenna, and also for a demagnification of a scan angle of radiation emanating from the array of radiating elements.

公开(公告)号：EP0625111A1

公开(公告)日：1994-11-23

申请号：EP94914685.0

申请日：1993-12-03

Applicant: Hughes Aircraft Company

Inventor： AHRENS, Allan, F. ,  ROSEN, Harold, A.

IPC: B64G1 ,  H02J7

CPC classification number: B64G1/443 ,  B64G1/428 ,  H02J7/35 ,  Y10S136/292 ,  Y10S136/293 ,  Y10S320/33 ,  Y10S323/906

Abstract: L'invention se rapporte à un procédé et à un appareil de régulation de la barre omnibus de distribution de courant dans un engin spatial. Un tel engin spatial comprend des panneaux solaires (10) et une batterie (30) couplés à la barre omnibus de distribution de courant (32) de l'engin spatial, de façon à assurer l'excitation des charges électriques (34). Un limiteur de tension (38) de la barre omnibus commande le passage de courant en provenance des panneaux solaires, tandis qu'une unité de commande de batterie bidirectionnelle (36) commande le passage de courant en provenance et en direction de la batterie. Un processeur (46) contrôle le passage de courant et l'état de la batterie au moyen de capteurs (40, 42, 44, 48) et il commande le limiteur de tension de la barre omnibus en fonction des données fournies par les capteurs. Une commande auxiliaire est fournie par l'unité d'excitation (24) des panneaux solaires, laquelle commande leur orientation par rapport au soleil.

公开(公告)号：EP0277188B1

公开(公告)日：1992-08-26

申请号：EP87905336.1

申请日：1987-07-23

Applicant: Hughes Aircraft Company

Inventor： ROSEN, Harold, A.

IPC: H04B7/204 ,  H01Q25/00

CPC classification number: H01Q25/00 ,  H04B7/2041 ,  Y02D70/446

Abstract: A satellite communications system employs separate subsystems for providing broadcast and point-to-point two-way communications using the same assigned frequency band. The broadcast and point-to-point subsystems employ an integrated satellite antenna system which uses a common reflector (12). The point-to-point subsystem achieves increased communication capacity through the reuse of the assigned frequency band over multiple, contiguous zones (32, 34, 36, 38) covering the area of the earth to be serviced. Small aperture terminals in the zones are serviced by a plurality of high gain downlink fan beams (29) steered in the east-west direction by frequency address. A special beam-forming network (98) provides in conjunction with an array antenna (20) the multiple zone frequency address function. The satellite (10) employs a filter interconnection matrix (90) for connecting earth terminals in different zones in a manner which permits multiple reuse of the entire band of assigned frequencies. A single pool of solid state transmitters allows rain disadvantaged users to be assigned higher than normal power at minimum cost. The intermodulation products of the transmitters are geographically dispersed.

Abstract translation: 卫星通信系统采用单独的子系统，用于使用相同的分配频带提供广播和点对点双向通信。 广播和点对点子系统采用使用公共反射器（12）的集成卫星天线系统。 点到点子系统通过覆盖要被维护的地球区域的多个连续区域（32,34,36,38）重新分配分配的频带来实现增加的通信容量。 区域中的小孔径终端由多个通过频率地址在东西方向转向的高增益下行风扇波束（29）提供服务。 特殊的波束形成网络（98）结合阵列天线（20）提供多区域频率地址功能。 卫星（10）采用滤波器互连矩阵（90），用于以允许对所分配频率的整个频带进行多次重用的方式在不同区域中连接接地端子。 一个单一的固态发射器池允许雨水处于不利地位的用户以最低的成本分配高于正常功率。 变送器的互调产品在地理上分散。

公开(公告)号：EP0207091B1

公开(公告)日：1990-12-27

申请号：EP85905708.5

申请日：1985-11-04

Applicant: Hughes Aircraft Company

Inventor： THOMPSON, James, D. ,  ROSEN, Harold, A. ,  PRESSMAN, Leeor

IPC: H04B7/185

CPC classification number: H04B7/18521

Abstract: A two-hop communications system utilizing two collocated spacecraft (Se and Sw) and two remote intersatellite exchange (RISE) means (Re and Rw) provides for communications between ground stations located in two or more defined subregions. Each satellite includes wide band transponders for relaying ground station transmissions to the RISEs. The RISEs convert first hop frequency division multiplexed (FDM) signals to time division multiplexed (TDM) for the second hop. Signals are coded by frequency, polarization and direction so as to avoid loss of bandwidth due to the two-hop approach.