Abstract:
Disclosed are methods and compositions for increasing the sun protection factor of oil and water sunscreen emulsions comprising adding a phthalic acid derivative to an oil and water sunscreen emulsion in an amount effective to increase the sun protection factor of the emulsion, the phthalic acid derivative having general formula (I) where R represents an organic substituent, X represents a cation, and m is an integer satisfying the valency of X.
Abstract:
A suspending agent is disclosed for insoluble components of liquid cleaning compositions that are prepared by a process comprising the steps of (a) mixing an alkyl ammonium salt and an anionic surfactant in the cleaning composition; and (b) heating the mixture above about 70 °C.
Abstract:
The invention provides a method of catalytic amination of at least one polyoxyalkylene alcohol with at least one secondary amine using a catalyst comprising a mixture of copper oxide or hydroxide and at least one Group II metal oxide or hydroxide characterised in that the catalyst is activated by heating in suspension in said polyoxyalkylene alcohol while hydrogen gas is passed therethrough.
Abstract:
The invention provides a method of catalytic amination of at least one alcohol with at least one linear polyamine using a catalyst comprising a mixture of copper oxide or hydroxide and at least one Group II metal oxide or hydroxide characterised in that the catalyst is initially activated by heating in suspension in said alcohol in the absence of said amine while a gas stream comprising hydrogen is passed therethrough.
Abstract:
Disclosed is a process for the preparation of primary, secondary and tertiary amines with high conversion and high selectivity via low pressure catalytic hydrogenation of unsubstituted, N-substituted, and N,N-disubstituted amides. Amide hydrogenation is conducted using a catalyst system comprising copper chromite and a nucleophilic reagent, in combination with hydrogen gas. The process allows for production of amines which may be directly used as chemical intermediates in the manufacture of surfactants, quaternary ammonium compounds, bactericides, disinfectants, lubricants, petroleum additives, ion exchange resins and the like, without the need of purification, such as distillation.
Abstract:
Disclosed are aqueous liquid cleaning compositions, the compositions being free of anionic surfactants and comprising: (a) linear alcohol ethoxylate; (b) amine oxide or betaine; and other, optional components, such as a cationic ammonium compound.
Abstract:
Disclosed are processes for preparing linear alkylbenzene sulfonic acids and their corresponding salts comprising: (a) treating a linear alkylbenzene with a sulfonating agent, where the linear alkylbenzene is produced by a reaction between an olefin and benzene; and (b) contacting the sulfonation product of (a) with a mixture of a protic reagent and hydrogen peroxide to result in a sulfonic acid/peroxide mixture.
Abstract:
Disclosed are alkyl sulfoacetate compositions comprising a sulfonated ester of the formula: RO(CH2CHR1O)nCOCH2SO3M where R represents straight chain alkyl having from about 6 to 20 carbon atoms; R1 is hydrogen, methyl, or ethyl; n is 0, or an integer of from 1 to 20; and M represents a cation; the composition being substantially free from monochloroacetate salts and monochloroacetic acid. These compositions are prepared by reacting an alkyl chloroester of the formula: RO(CH2CHR1O)nCOCH2Cl where R, R1 and n are as defined above with an excess of sodium sulfite in the presence of a sulfitation catalyst at a temperature of at least about 75 DEG C. Also disclosed are oral care compositions comprising these surfactant compositions.
Abstract:
Water-in-oil emulsions are disclosed that comprise: a) water; b) from about 10 to 65 % by weight of an oil; and c) an emulsification system comprising a polysiloxane polyalkyl polyether copolymer and a phthalic anhydride derivative, substantially permanently maintaining the water and oil as an emulsion, the emulsification system being substantially free from aluminum and zirconium salts, the emulsion being at a pH of from about 5 to 10.