Abstract:
A GAS HAVING A REDUCING RATIO (MOLS OF CO+H2 TO MOLS OF CO2+H2O) OF AT LEAST 10 IS PRODUCED BY PARTIAL COMBUSTION OF A HYDROCARBON OIL WITH OXYGEN OF AT LEAST 95% PURITY, THE OIL BEING INTRODUCED AS A LIQUID MIXTURE WITH WATER INTO THE REACTION ZONE. TEMPERATURE IN THE REACTION ZONE IS MAINTAINED BELOW ABOUT 3000*F. AND THE PRODUCT GAS CONTAINS AS FREE CARBON NOT MORE THAN 2 WEIGHT PERCENT OF THE CARBON CONTENT OF THE FEED.
Abstract:
Production of synthesis gas from a slurry of particulate solid carboniferous fuels, e.g., petroleum coke, coke from bituminous coal, coal, oil shale, tar sands, pitch, or mixtures of these materials in water or in a hydrocarbon liquid fuel. The amount of particulate solid carboniferous fuel in a pumpable slurry may be increased to 75 wt. percent and the particle size of the solid fuel may be increased to pass through a 12 mesh screen by the addition of 2 to 10 wt. percent of soot as produced, for example, by the partial oxidation of crude oil. The slurry at a relatively low velocity in the range of 5 to 50 feet per second is mixed with a stream of oxidizing gas at a relatively high velocity in the range of 200 feet per second to sonic velocity at the burner tip to form an atomized dispersion of water, hydrocarbon liquid fuel, oxidizing gas, and solid carboniferous fuel. Under synthesis gas-generating conditions, the atomized dispersion is reacted to produce a gaseous mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. By this process, pumpable slurry feeds of low-cost solid carboniferous fuels may be gasified in a synthesis gas generator without being preheated.
Abstract:
A method for recovering oil-free particulate carbon from synthesis gas by washing said synthesis gas free from particulate carbon with water, preferably maintained at a pH in the range of about 7.5 to 10. A dispersion of particulate carbon in water is formed which is then contacted with bubbles of a gas selected from the group consisting of natural gas, methane, ethane, propane, butane, ethylene, propylene, synthesis gas and mixtures thereof. Clear water separates by gravity from the gas treated dispersion and a supernatant flowable slurry of particulate carbon in water having an increased concentration of oil-free particulate carbon is formed which may be recycled to the generator as fuel, or dewatered.
Abstract:
A fluid energy grinding system wherein a stream of a dispersion of solid particles suspended in gas or vapor is accelerated to supersonic velocity in a nozzle having a divergent discharge section sufficient to produce a standing shock wave along the path of flow of solid particles effecting size reduction of particles.