Abstract:
A hemispherical detector comprising a plurality of photodetectors (12) arranged in a substantially contiguous array, the array being substantially in the shape of a half-sphere, the half-sphere defining a closed end (50) and an open end (60), the open end (60) defining a substancially circular face. Also provided is a method for constructing a hemispherical detector comprising the steps of making a press mold of the desired shape of the hemispherical detector, pouring a material into the press mold to form a cast, finishing the cast to remove any defects, coating the cast with a coating material, and attaching a plurality of photodetectors to the cast.
Abstract:
1. The invention relates to a ring luminaire, in particular for optical spectrometers. 2.1. Using conventional ring luminaires, the illumination light can only be used with great effort and only limited accuracy as a reference for a measurement. The aim of the invention is to receive reference radiation with less effort. 2.2. For said purpose, inlet ends (3.1) of a plurality of reference optical fibers (3) are arranged additionally in the at least one inlet bundle (4) of the ring luminaire (1), wherein the outlet ends (3.2) thereof are bundled away from the ring (9) to form at least one reference bundle (7). 2.3. The invention further relates to optical spectrometers.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a random light collector device comprising a reflecting cavity (27) configured to enclose a random light source (33, 41) that randomly transmits photons in essentially the whole solid angle of 4rr steradian, the reflecting cavity (27) having an inner wall being adapted to reflect the photons in such a way that at least a portion of once or multiply reflected photons is directed to an output port of the reflecting cavity (27) and guiding means for directing the reflected photons and photons which are directly emitted to the output port (49) to a photodetector (35, 43). According to the invention, the guiding means is a hollow tube (51) having an inner wall being adapted to reflect the photons, wherein a first end of the hollow tube (51) is connected to or positioned adjacent to the output port (49) of the reflecting cavity (27) and wherein the photodetector (35, 43) is provided within the hollow tube (35) or at a second end thereof in such a way that a sensitive area of the photodetector (35, 43) covers the whole cross-section of the second end.
Abstract:
Feature points (41, 42, 43) in the heat image (10) of a casting die (1) are extracted and a predetermined geometrical conversion processing is performed on the heat image (10) such that the feature points are superimposed on the reference feature points (61, 62, 63) set in a reference heat image (30) picked up previously to generate a corrected heat image (20). A difference image (40) is generated by superimposing the corrected heat image (20) and the reference heat image (30) such that the corrected feature points (51, 52, 53) in the corrected heat image (20) is superimposed on the corresponding reference feature points (61, 62, 63). With such an arrangement, a highly reliable difference image can be generated even when the imaging field of vision slips off among a plurality of heat images.
Abstract:
A system in one embodiment includes a source for directing a beam of radiation at a sample; a multilayer mirror having a face oriented at an angle of less than 90 degrees from an axis of the beam from the source, the mirror reflecting at least a portion of the radiation after the beam encounters a sample; and a pixellated detector for detecting radiation reflected by the mirror. A method in a further embodiment includes directing a beam of radiation at a sample; reflecting at least some of the radiation diffracted by the sample; not reflecting at least a majority of the radiation that is not diffracted by the sample; and detecting at least some of the reflected radiation. A method in yet another embodiment includes directing a beam of radiation at a sample; reflecting at least some of the radiation diffracted by the sample using a multilayer mirror; and detecting at least some of the reflected radiation.
Abstract:
A monitoring device includes a first aperture plate, a second aperture plate, and a photodiode. The first aperture is disposed in a light path of a light beam emitted by a light source and includes a first aperture arranged such that a portion of the light beam having maximum light intensity passes and a reflecting portion that reflects the light beam as a monitoring light beam. The second aperture plate is disposed in a light path of the monitoring light beam and includes a second aperture that shapes a beam diameter of the monitoring light beam. The photodiode receives the monitoring light beam.