公开(公告)号：US5262840A

公开(公告)日：1993-11-16

申请号：US781

申请日：1993-01-04

Applicant: Thornton Stearns ,  Subhash C. Sarkar

Inventor： Thornton Stearns ,  Subhash C. Sarkar

IPC: G01J1/18 ,  G01J1/44 ,  G01J3/02 ,  G01J3/18 ,  G01J3/42 ,  G01N21/47 ,  G01J3/04

CPC classification number: G01J3/42 ,  G01N21/474 ,  G01J2001/182 ,  G01J2001/444 ,  G01J2003/421 ,  G01J2003/425 ,  G01J3/0221 ,  G01J3/1838 ,  G01N2021/4742

Abstract: A reflectometer for measuring absorption of light in selected regions of the light spectrum by a diffuse reflector. The reflectometer is adapted to precisely measure absorption resulting from the constituents present in body fluids. The sample to be measured is illuminated by a focused light source at an angle of 45.degree. to its surface. The light diffusely reflected about the normal to the sample falls on a small round bundle of optical fibers at the opposite end of the bundle, the fibers are arranged into a narrow rectangle. This rectangle forms the entrance slit for a concave holographic diffraction grating. The grating forms images of this entrance slit spectrally separated over a flat field suitable for recording the spectrum on film or on an array of discrete detectors.

Abstract translation: 用于通过漫反射器测量光谱的选定区域中的光的吸收的反射计。 反射计适用于精确测量由体液中存在的成分引起的吸收。 要测量的样品被聚焦光源以与其表面成45度的角度照射。 围绕样品的法线漫反射的光落在束的相对端的小圆形光纤束上，纤维被排列成窄的矩形。 该矩形形成凹面全息衍射光栅的入口狭缝。 光栅形成在适合于在胶片上或在离散检测器阵列上记录光谱的平坦场上光谱分离的入口狭缝的图像。

公开(公告)号：US4955946A

公开(公告)日：1990-09-11

申请号：US306234

申请日：1989-02-02

Applicant: Bruce E. Mount ,  Douglas P. Becker

Inventor： Bruce E. Mount ,  Douglas P. Becker

IPC: G01J1/18 ,  G01J1/44 ,  G01N21/27 ,  G01N21/35 ,  G01N33/497

CPC classification number: G01N21/3504 ,  G01N21/27 ,  G01N33/497 ,  G01J2001/182 ,  G01J2001/444 ,  G01N2201/069 ,  G01N2201/127

Abstract: A respiratory CO.sub.2 detector (10) comprising an infrared lamp source (44) and an infrared detector (50) responsive thereto forming an optical path for detecting the change in CO.sub.2 concentration, or an obstruction in a cuvette (42). The output of the infrared detector (50) provides a high and low voltage signal to be applied to a feedback control loop (12) and to an output circuit (14).The feedback control loop (12) includes a peak detector (22), a contamination detector (24), a pulse-width modulator (26) and a low pass filter (28), the latter providing a DC bias on the infrared lamp (44). The peak detector (22) is connected to the pulse-width modulator (26) to maintain the lamp voltage constant and is connected to comparators (56,62) to compare both outputs of the peak and contamination detectors (22,24). The contamination detector (24) will respond to blockage in the cuvette (42).The output control circuit (14) includes a sample-and-hold circuit (30) and a subtractor (32) connected to the output of said infrared detector to receive the high and low voltage signal from the infrared detector, the outputs of which produce an output signal without the DC bias which is then inverted to provide a high quality waveform.

Abstract translation: 一种呼吸二氧化碳检测器（10），包括红外灯源（44）和响应于此的红外检测器（50），形成用于检测CO 2浓度变化的光路或者比色皿（42）中的阻塞物。 红外检测器（50）的输出提供要施加到反馈控制回路（12）和输出电路（14）的高电压和低电压信号。 反馈控制回路（12）包括峰值检测器（22），污染检测器（24），脉冲宽度调制器（26）和低通滤波器（28），后者在红外灯上提供DC偏置 44）。 峰值检测器（22）连接到脉冲宽度调制器（26）以保持灯电压恒定并连接到比较器（56,62）以比较峰值和污染检测器（22,24）的两个输出。 污染检测器（24）将响应于比色皿（42）中的阻塞。 输出控制电路（14）包括采样保持电路（30）和连接到所述红外检测器的输出端的减法器（32），以从红外检测器接收高电压和低电压信号，其输出产生 没有DC偏置的输出信号然后被反转以提供高质量的波形。

公开(公告)号：US4260262A

公开(公告)日：1981-04-07

申请号：US964191

申请日：1978-11-28

Applicant: Donald R. Webster

Inventor： Donald R. Webster

IPC: G01J1/18 ,  G01J3/12 ,  G01N21/31 ,  G01N21/35 ,  G01N21/27

CPC classification number: G01N21/314 ,  G01N21/3563 ,  G01J2001/182 ,  G01J2003/1243 ,  G01N21/35 ,  G01N21/4738 ,  G01N2201/126 ,  G01N2201/12753 ,  G01N2201/1283 ,  Y10S250/91

Abstract: An improved grain quality analyzer, for analyzing the percentage concentration of various constituents, e.g. protein and water, in a grain sample, photo-optically measures the change in the optical density of the sample, .DELTA. OD, in a range of characteristic wavelengths and, for protein, in a range of neutral wavelengths and uses these measured values to compute the percentage concentration of the constituents.A grain sample is irradiated with light, the wavelength of which sweeps across the infrared light-spectrum including a range of wavelengths termed characteristic wavelengths, and, for protein, a range of wavelengths termed neutral wavelengths. The characteristic wavelengths are those wavelengths at which the optical characteristics of the irradiated sample, that is, the optical density, reflectivity, transmissivity, and/or absorption, are known to vary as a function of the concentration of the measured constituent, and, for the protein measurement, the neutral wavelengths are those wavelengths at which the optical characteristics are substantially independent of the concentration of the protein.In the preferred embodiment, photo-optical sensors measure the light reflected from the sample and provide output signals indicative of the optical density of the sample as a function of the wavelength of the irradiating light. Control and computing means sample the sensor output at spaced apart points in the range of characteristic wavelengths and in the range of neutral wavelengths to provide signals representative of the optical characteristics of the sample. Computing circuitry computes the percentage concentration of water and, for protein, computes the percentage concentration using an algorithm in accordance with the present invention which eliminates the inaccuracies introduced by light scattering from the sample.

Abstract translation: 改进的谷物质量分析仪，用于分析各种成分的百分浓度，例如 蛋白质和水在晶粒样品中光学测量样品光密度的变化，在特定波长范围内，对于蛋白质，在一定范围的中性波长，并使用这些测量值来计算 成分的浓度百分比。 用光照射晶粒样品，其波长扫过包括称为特征波长的波长范围的红外光谱，并且对于蛋白质，扫描一定范围的称为中性波长的波长。 特征波长是已知辐射样品的光学特性，即光密度，反射率，透射率和/或吸收的波长已知是随测量成分的浓度而变化的，并且对于 蛋白质测量，中性波长是光学特性基本上与蛋白质浓度无关的那些波长。 在优选实施例中，光电传感器测量从样品反射的光，并提供表示样品的光密度的输出信号作为照射光的波长的函数。 控制和计算装置在特征波长范围内和中性波长范围内的间隔开的点采样传感器输出，以提供代表样品的光学特性的信号。 计算电路计算水的百分浓度，并且对于蛋白质，使用根据本发明的算法计算百分比浓度，其消除了来自样品的光散射引入的不准确性。

公开(公告)号：US4040747A

公开(公告)日：1977-08-09

申请号：US497727

申请日：1974-08-15

Applicant: Donald R. Webster

Inventor： Donald R. Webster

IPC: G01J1/18 ,  G01J3/12 ,  G01J3/28 ,  G01N21/31 ,  G01N21/35 ,  G01N33/10 ,  G01J3/48 ,  G01N21/48

CPC classification number: G01N21/314 ,  G01N21/3563 ,  G01N33/10 ,  G01J2001/182 ,  G01J2003/1243 ,  G01J2003/2866 ,  G01N2021/3129 ,  G01N2021/3159 ,  G01N2021/4769 ,  G01N21/35 ,  G01N21/4738 ,  G01N2201/1283 ,  Y10S250/91

Abstract: An automatic test instrument for gaging the percentage of various constituents in organic substances by comparing the reflective optical density of the subject at various wavelengths. Narrow band optical filters are connected together in the form of a rotatable paddle wheel positioned so that the filters can be individually swept through the incident light path between the specimen and wideband light source. As the filter wheel turns, the band of light passed by each filter is progressively shifted with the changing angle of the filter relative to the light path. The filter wheel configuration includes opaque vanes extending from the ends of the filters to periodically interrupt the passage of light to the specimen. Photocells are positioned to sense the level of light reflected from the specimen. The output of the photocells is sampled at pedetermined times relative to the rotation of the filter wheel to yield values indicative of reflected intensity at certain wavelengths. Using these values, an electronic circuit in one embodiment calculates three optical density difference values corresponding to moisture, protein and oil content of the specimen. The difference values are automatically inserted in three linear equations which are solved to obtain readings representing the true percentages of oil, water and protein contained in the specimen. Each time a new specimen is loaded for testing, the instrument is automatically calibrated against a standard sample, preferably Teflon (Trademark). The output of the photocells is amplified in a special circuit which subtracts the level of dark period current from the output when the photocells are illuminated.

Abstract translation: 一种自动测试仪器，用于通过比较不同波长的受试者的反射光密度来测量有机物质中各种成分的百分比。 窄带光学滤波器以可旋转的桨轮的形式连接在一起，其定位成使得滤光器可以被单独扫过样品和宽带光源之间的入射光路。 当滤光轮转动时，每个滤光片通过的光束随着滤光片相对于光路的变化角度逐渐变化。 过滤轮配置包括从过滤器的端部延伸的不透明的叶片，以周期性地中断通向样品的光。 光电池被定位以感测从样品反射的光的水平。 光电管的输出相对于滤光轮的旋转在规定时间被采样，以产生指示某些波长的反射强度的值。 使用这些值，一个实施例中的电子电路计算对应于样品的水分，蛋白质和油含量的三个光密度差值。 差值被自动插入三个线性方程中，这些线性方程被求解以获得表示样品中所含的油，水和蛋白质的真实百分比的读数。 每次加载新的样品进行测试时，仪器将自动根据标准样品进行校准，最好是Teflon（商标）。 光电管的输出在特殊电路中被放大，当光电管被照亮时，其从输出中减去暗周期电流的电平。

公开(公告)号：US11781907B2

公开(公告)日：2023-10-10

申请号：US17340181

申请日：2021-06-07

Applicant: Fitbit, Inc.

Inventor： Sebastian Joseph Capella ,  Shelten Gee Jao Yuen ,  Subramaniam Venkatraman ,  Félix Antoine Turgeon ,  Heiko Gernot Albert Panther

IPC: G01J1/42 ,  A61B5/1455 ,  G09G5/10 ,  A61B5/00 ,  G01J1/32 ,  G01J1/18 ,  G01J1/44 ,  G01J1/46 ,  G01J1/02 ,  G01J1/04 ,  G06V10/141 ,  A61B5/024 ,  A61B5/021 ,  A61B5/145 ,  A61B5/0533 ,  A61B5/01 ,  G06V40/10

CPC classification number: G01J1/4204 ,  A61B5/1455 ,  A61B5/681 ,  A61B5/742 ,  G01J1/0204 ,  G01J1/0219 ,  G01J1/0271 ,  G01J1/0407 ,  G01J1/18 ,  G01J1/32 ,  G01J1/44 ,  G01J1/46 ,  G06V10/141 ,  G09G5/10 ,  A61B5/01 ,  A61B5/021 ,  A61B5/024 ,  A61B5/02405 ,  A61B5/0533 ,  A61B5/14532 ,  A61B5/489 ,  G01J2001/0257 ,  G01J2001/182 ,  G01J2001/444 ,  G01J2001/4406 ,  G06V40/15 ,  G09G2320/0626 ,  G09G2354/00 ,  G09G2360/144 ,  G09G2380/08

Abstract: A wearable computing device includes an electronic display with a configurable brightness level setting, a physiological metric sensor system including a light source configured to direct light into tissue of a user wearing the wearable computing device and a light detector configured to detect light from the light source that reflects back from the user. The device may further include control circuitry configured to activate the light source during a first period, generate a first light detector signal indicating a first amount of light detected by the light detector during the first period, deactivate the light source during a second period, generate a second light detector signal indicating a second amount of light detected by the light detector during the second period, generate a physiological metric based at least in part on the first light detector signal and the second light detector signal, and modify the configurable brightness level setting based on the second light detector signal.

公开(公告)号：US5103096A

公开(公告)日：1992-04-07

申请号：US503215

申请日：1990-04-02

Applicant: Jacob Y. Wong

Inventor： Jacob Y. Wong

IPC: G01J1/16 ,  G01J1/18 ,  G01N21/25 ,  G01N21/31 ,  G01N21/35 ,  G08B17/117 ,  G08B29/20 ,  G01N21/61

CPC classification number: G08B17/117 ,  G01N21/255 ,  G01N21/3504 ,  G08B29/20 ,  G01J2001/161 ,  G01J2001/182 ,  G01N21/314 ,  G01N2201/0228 ,  G01N2201/06186 ,  G01N2201/0696

Abstract: A compact low-cost fire detector responds quickly by detecting an increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide gas in the ambient air. The detector also calculates the rate of build-up of carbon dioxide. The detector avoids the use of moving parts by employing a differential temperature black body source of infrared radiation in conjunction with a dual pass band filter. One of the pass bands is located at the 4.26 micron absorption band of carbon dioxide gas and the other pass band is located at 2.20 microns at which none of the atmospheric gases has an absorption band. The latter channel serves as a reference and renders the detector immune to false alarms caused by dust or smoke particles in the air or due to deterioration of certain components. The fire detector makes use of a sample chamber that consists of a serpentine passage in a block of material, the walls of the serpentine passsage being highly reflective so as to act as a light pipe.

Abstract translation: 一个紧凑的低成本火灾探测器通过检测环境空气中二氧化碳气体浓度的增加来快速响应。 检测器还计算二氧化碳的积聚速率。 通过采用红外辐射的差分温度黑体源与双通带滤波器相结合，检测器避免使用移动部件。 其中一个通带位于二氧化碳气体的4.26微米吸收带上，另一个通带位于2.20微米处，在此处没有一个气氛具有吸收带。 后一个通道用作参考，使得检测器免受由空气中的灰尘或烟雾颗粒引起的或由于某些组分的劣化引起的假警报。 火灾探测器利用由一块材料中的蛇形通道组成的样品室，蛇形通道的壁是高反射性的，以作为光管。

公开(公告)号：US5088493A

公开(公告)日：1992-02-18

申请号：US161206

申请日：1988-02-16

Applicant: Ivo Giannini ,  Marco Ferrari ,  Amilcare C. de Resmini ,  Paolo Fasella

Inventor： Ivo Giannini ,  Marco Ferrari ,  Amilcare C. de Resmini ,  Paolo Fasella

IPC: A61B5/00 ,  G01J1/18 ,  G01J1/44 ,  G01N21/31

CPC classification number: A61B5/0059 ,  G01N21/314 ,  G01J2001/182 ,  G01J2001/4453 ,  G01N2021/3129 ,  G01N2201/0696 ,  G01N2201/08 ,  G01N2201/126

Abstract: A multiple wavelength light spectrophometer for non-invasive monitoring of a body organ in vivo comprising: a single pulsed light source, optical fibers for transmitting to and receiving the infrared radiation from the organ, a radiation detector capable of branching received radiation into several different wavelengths, an amplifier, and a data acquisition system including a microprocessor capable of compensating for light diffusion effects by employing a specific algorithm.

Abstract translation: 一种用于体内器官体内器官非侵入性监测的多波长光谱分析仪，包括：单个脉冲光源，用于传输和接收来自器官的红外辐射的光纤，能够将接收到的辐射分解成若干不同波长的辐射检测器 放大器和数据采集系统，该系统包括能够通过采用特定算法补偿光扩散效应的微处理器。

公开(公告)号：US4988199A

公开(公告)日：1991-01-29

申请号：US382841

申请日：1989-07-19

Applicant: Bernt-Joachim Paul

Inventor： Bernt-Joachim Paul

IPC: A61B5/00 ,  G01J1/16 ,  G01J1/18 ,  G01J4/04 ,  G01N21/21

CPC classification number: A61B5/14532 ,  A61B5/14558 ,  A61B5/1459 ,  A61B5/7242 ,  G01N21/21 ,  G01J2001/161 ,  G01J2001/182 ,  G01J4/04 ,  G01N2201/062

Abstract: The concentration of optically active substances is determined by measuring the polarization of light passed through the substance using a light source, a polarizer and a modulator operated at a predetermined modulation frequency f.sub.F, as well as a measuring cell, an analyzer and a detector. The output signal from the detector 16 is alternately integrated during each half period of the modulation frequency to form voltage values U.sub.I+ and U.sub.I-. These voltage values are stored and the quotient Q of these stored voltage values is formed. Subsequently, an adjustable constant voltage is subtracted from the quotient. The measuring arrangement can have a miniature design for implantation. No mechanically moving parts and only a single detector are used. The measurement is accomplished by a simple, miniature linear ray path having high resolution.

Abstract translation: 通过使用光源，偏振器和以预定调制频率fF操作的调制器以及测量单元，分析器和检测器测量通过物质的光的偏振来确定光学活性物质的浓度。 来自检测器16的输出信号在调制频率的每个半周期期间交替集成，以形成电压值UI +和UI-。 存储这些电压值，形成这些存储电压值的商Q。 随后，从商减去可调恒定电压。 测量装置可以具有用于植入的微型设计。 不使用机械移动部件，仅使用单个检测器。 该测量通过具有高分辨率的简单的微型线性射线路径来实现。

公开(公告)号：US4859859A

公开(公告)日：1989-08-22

申请号：US24769

申请日：1987-03-11

Applicant: Daniel W. Knodle ,  William E. Crone

Inventor： Daniel W. Knodle ,  William E. Crone

IPC: A61B5/083 ,  A61B5/097 ,  G01J1/02 ,  G01J1/18 ,  G01N21/31 ,  G01N21/35

CPC classification number: G01J3/108 ,  A61B5/0836 ,  A61B5/097 ,  G01J3/02 ,  G01J3/0286 ,  G01N21/3504 ,  A61M16/04 ,  A61M2016/102 ,  G01J2001/182 ,  G01N2021/3166 ,  G01N2201/06186 ,  G01N2201/1218

Abstract: Gas analyzers of the non-dispersive infrared radiation type which are designed to measure the concentration of one gas in a mixture of gases containing that gas. A novel, electrically modulated, stable, thick film infrared radiation emitter is employed to emit a beam of collimated, focused energy; and two electrically biased detectors are preferably used so that a ratioed, error eliminating output signal can be supplied to the failsafe, signal processing circuitry of the analyzer. The latter, and a conventional analog-to-digital convertor, supply information to a microcomputer which: (1) turns the infrared radiation emitter on and off; (2) controls a heater which keeps the infrared radiation detectors at a constant, precise temperature; and (3) controls displays of a variety of information concerning the gas being measured and the status of the gas analyzer. The microcomputer also accepts ambient temperature, barometric pressure, and other compensation factors. Typically, a disposable airway adapter will be included in the gas analyzer to confine the mixture of gases being analyzed to a path having a transverse dimension of precise and specific length and to provide an optical path across that stream of gases between the infrared radiation emitter and the infrared radiation detectors. The emitter and detectors are incorporated in a transducer head which can be detachably fixed to the airway adapter.

公开(公告)号：US3861788A

公开(公告)日：1975-01-21

申请号：US42086373

申请日：1973-12-03

Applicant: NEOTEC CORP

Inventor： WEBSTER DONALD R

IPC: G01J1/18 ,  G01J3/12 ,  G01J3/28 ,  G01N21/31 ,  G01N21/35 ,  G01N33/10 ,  G02B5/28

CPC classification number: G01N33/10 ,  G01J3/12 ,  G01J2001/182 ,  G01J2003/1243 ,  G01J2003/2866 ,  G01N21/314 ,  G01N21/35 ,  G01N21/3563 ,  G01N21/4738 ,  G01N2021/3129 ,  G01N2021/3159 ,  G01N2021/4769 ,  G01N2201/1283

Abstract: An automatic test instrument for gaging the percentage of various constituents in organic substances by comparing the reflective optical density of the subject at various wavelengths. Narrow band optical filters are connected together in the form of a rotatable paddle wheel positioned so that the filters can be individually swept through the incident light path between the specimen and wideband light source. As the filter wheel turns, the band of light passed by each filter is progressively shifted with the changing angle of the filter relative to the light path. The filter wheel configuration includes opaque vanes extending from the ends of the filters to periodically interrupt the passage of light to the specimen. Photocells are positioned to sense the level of light reflected from the specimen. The output of the photocells is sampled at predetermined times relative to the rotation of the filter wheel to yield values indicative of reflected intensity at certain wavelengths. Using these values, an electronic circuit in one embodiment calculates three optical density difference values corresponding to moisture, protein and oil content of the specimen. The difference values are automatically inserted in three linear equations which are solved to obtain readings representing the true percentages of oil, water and protein contained in the specimen. Each time a new specimen is loaded for testing, the instrument is automatically calibrated against a standard sample, preferably Teflon (Trademark). The output of the photocells is amplified in a special circuit which subtracts the level of dark period current from the output when the photocells are illuminated.

Abstract translation: 一种自动测试仪器，用于通过比较不同波长的受试者的反射光密度来测量有机物质中各种成分的百分比。 窄带光学滤波器以可旋转的桨轮的形式连接在一起，其定位成使得滤光器可以被单独扫过样品和宽带光源之间的入射光路。 当滤光轮转动时，每个滤光片通过的光束随着滤光片相对于光路的变化角度逐渐变化。 过滤轮配置包括从过滤器的端部延伸的不透明的叶片，以周期性地中断通向样品的光。 光电池被定位以感测从样品反射的光的水平。 光电池的输出在相对于滤光轮的旋转的预定时间被采样，以产生指示在某些波长处的反射强度的值。 使用这些值，一个实施例中的电子电路计算对应于样品的水分，蛋白质和油含量的三个光密度差值。 差值被自动插入三个线性方程中，这些线性方程被求解以获得表示样品中所含的油，水和蛋白质的真实百分比的读数。 每次加载新的样品进行测试时，仪器将自动根据标准样品进行校准，最好是Teflon（商标）。 光电管的输出在特殊电路中被放大，当光电管被照亮时，其从输出中减去暗周期电流的电平。