Abstract:
An inverter driver controls an inverter that supplies driving voltages to a plurality of discharge lamps. The inverter driver senses the abnormal operation of the plurality of discharge lamps based on a plurality of first feedback voltages corresponding to the plurality of driving voltages supplied to the discharge lamps and a plurality of second feedback voltages corresponding to the current flowing through the plurality of discharge lamps. The inverter driver is formed in a single integrated circuit.
Abstract:
Provided are a dual mode semiconductor laser and a terahertz wave apparatus using the same. The dual mode semiconductor laser includes a distributed feedback laser structure section including a first diffraction grating on a substrate and a distributed Bragg reflector laser structure section including a second diffraction grating on the substrate. A first wavelength oscillated by the distributed feedback laser structure section and a second wavelength oscillated by the distributed Bragg reflector laser structure section are different from each other, and the distributed feedback laser structure section and the distributed Bragg reflector laser structure section share the same gain medium with each other.
Abstract:
An amplifier is provided. The amplifier includes a differential amplifier including a tail, a current mirror connected between output terminals of the differential amplifier and a power line receiving a supply voltage, and a first switching circuit for connecting and disconnecting one of the output terminals of the differential amplifier to and from the tail in response to a first switching signal.
Abstract:
A fuel cell system includes a reformer for generating hydrogen gas from fuel containing hydrogen using a chemical catalytic reaction and thermal energy. At least one electricity generator generates electrical energy by an electrochemical reaction of the hydrogen gas and oxygen. A fuel supply assembly supplies fuel to the reformer, and an oxygen supply assembly supplies oxygen to the at least one electricity generator. A heat exchanger is connected to the reformer and to the at least one electricity generator. The heat exchanger supplies thermal energy of the reformer, during initial operation of the system, to the at least one electricity generator so as to pre-heat the at least one electricity generator.
Abstract:
Provided is an optical device. The optical device includes a substrate having a waveguide region and a mounting region, a planar lightwave circuit (PLC) waveguide including a lower-clad layer and an upper-clad layer on the waveguide region of the substrate and a platform core between the lower-clad layer and the upper-clad layer, a terrace defined by etching the lower-clad layer on the mounting region of the substrate, the terrace including an interlocking part, an optical active chip mounted on the mounting region of the substrate, the optical active chip including a chip core therein, and a chip alignment mark disposed on a mounting surface of the optical active chip. The optical active chip is aligned by interlocking between the interlocking part of the terrace and the chip alignment mark of the optical active chip and mounted on the mounting region.
Abstract:
An LED light emitting device and a method of driving the same are provided, and technology that can uniformly sustain the magnitude of a channel current flowing to a plurality of LED channels is disclosed. The LED light emitting device includes: a plurality of LED channels that are formed with a plurality of LED elements that are continuously connected in series; and a constant current source that controls each channel current flowing to the plurality of LED channels according to a predetermined channel reference current to be a predetermined setting channel current, wherein the constant current source includes a plurality of operating amplifiers that control the magnitude of each of the channel currents, and a feedback voltage generating according to a predetermined offset reference current is input to a second input terminal of an operating amplifier for an offset setting period that sets an offset voltage of the plurality of operating amplifiers, a reference voltage generating according to a channel reference current is input to a first input terminal of the operating amplifier, and an offset voltage of each of the plurality of operating amplifiers is set so that an actual channel current may be identical to a predetermined setting channel current.
Abstract:
In an apparatus and method for automatically correcting a design pattern in view of different process defects, defect characteristic functions that indicate frequencies of each process defect independent from one another are generated, and a normalization factor that indicates relationships between the defect characteristic functions is determined. A general defect characteristic function indicating a frequency of general defects is generated using the defect characteristic functions and the normalization factor. The general defect causes the same process failure as caused by each of the process defects. The design pattern is modified using the general defect characteristic function in such a manner that the frequency of the general defects is minimized when at least one portion of the design pattern corresponding to the model pattern is transcribed on the substrate. Accordingly, the whole design pattern may be automatically corrected based on the general defect characteristic function.
Abstract:
The present invention is a stacked fuel cell system which is formed by stacking a plurality of electricity generators, each electricity generator having a membrane-electrode assembly and a separator provided with the membrane-electrode assembly. The stack comprises an aligner which is disposed at least one portion of the separator and which couples and aligns the plurality of electricity generators.
Abstract:
A two-path sigma-delta analog-to-digital converter and an image sensor including the same are provided. The two-path sigma-delta analog-to-digital converter includes at least one integrator configured to integrate a first integrator input signal during a second half cycle of a clock signal and integrate a second integrator input signal during a first half cycle of the clock signal by using a single operational amplifier; a quantizer configured to quantize integrated signals from the at least one integrator and output a first digital signal and a second digital signal; and a feedback loop configured to feed back the first and second digital signals to an input of the at least one integrator. A first analog signal and a second analog signal respectively input from two input paths are respectively converted to the first and second digital signals using the single operational amplifier, thereby increasing power efficiency and reducing an area.
Abstract:
The analog-digital converter (ADC) includes a modulator and a digital integrator. The modulator is configured to modulate an input signal and output a modulated signal. The digital integrator includes a plurality of accumulators serially connected to one another. The digital integrator is configured to integrate the modulated signal to output an integration result.