Abstract:
The invention relates to a burner, particularly Low-NOx-burner, for generating a flame by combustion of a fuel, comprising: a tile (15, 15a, 15b) surrounding an opening (2, 2a, 2b) of the tile (15, 15a, 15b) extending along a burner axis (12), the tile (15, 15a, 15b) further comprising a front side (20) and a rear side (21) facing away from the front side (20), wherein the rear side (21) comprises an air inlet (10, 10a, 10b) connected to said opening for feeding air (A, A', A") into said opening (2, 2a, 2b), and wherein said front side (20) comprises a discharge outlet (9, 9a, 9b) connected to said opening (2, 2a, 2b) for discharging a flame (30) generated by the burner (1) into a surrounding area (S), and wherein the tile (15, 15a, 15b) further comprises an inside (22) facing said opening (2, 2a, 2b) as well as an outside (23) facing away from said opening (2, 2a, 2b). According to the invention the burner (1) further comprises at least one oxygen lance (5) extending along the burner axis (12) in a first recess (17) of said tile (15, 15a, 15b), the at least one oxygen lance (5) having an ejection nozzle (6) at an end region of the at least one oxygen lance (5) for ejecting oxygen (O), particularly such that the oxygen (0) is at first ejected into a colder flue gas region (31) surrounding the relatively hotter flame (30) generated by the burner (1). Further, the invention relates to a method for generating a flame (30).
Abstract:
The invention relates to a burner, particularly Low-NOx-burner, for generating a flame by combustion of a fuel, comprising: a tile (15, 15a, 15b) surrounding an opening (2, 2a, 2b) of the tile (15, 15a, 15b) extending along a burner axis (12), the tile (15, 15a, 15b) further comprising a front side (20) and a rear side (21) facing away from the front side (20), wherein the rear side (21) comprises an air inlet (10, 10a, 10b) connected to said opening for feeding air (A, A', A") into said opening (2, 2a, 2b), and wherein said front side (20) comprises a discharge outlet (9, 9a, 9b) connected to said opening (2, 2a, 2b) for discharging a flame (30) generated by the burner (1) into a surrounding area (S), and wherein the tile (15, 15a, 15b) further comprises an inside (22) facing said opening (2, 2a, 2b) as well as an outside (23) facing away from said opening (2, 2a, 2b). According to the invention the burner (1) further comprises at least one oxygen lance (5) extending along the burner axis (12) in a first recess (17) of said tile (15, 15a, 15b), the at least one oxygen lance (5) having an ejection nozzle (6) at an end region of the at least one oxygen lance (5) for ejecting oxygen (O), particularly such that the oxygen (O) is at first ejected into a colder flue gas region (31) surrounding the relatively hotter flame (30) generated by the burner (1). Further, the invention relates to a method for generating a flame (30).
Abstract:
The invention concerns a gas turbine system, comprising a compressor, at least one combustion chamber (10), and eventually a secondary combustion chamber, for generating working gas. An intermediate turbine may be placed between two combustion chambers. The combustion chamber (15) consists of an individual can-combustor (120) or a number of can-combustors (120) arranged in an annular can-architecture. The can-combustor (120) comprises a number of premixed burners (10) arranged uniformly or divided at least in two groups. One or more groups of the premixed burners (10) may be shifted along the combustor axis with respect to another group, and may also be inclined with respect to the combustor axis. Optional Helmholtz dampers (16) reduce combustion pulsations. Ignition of the mixture starts at the premixed burner outlet. The flame is stabilized in the region of the premixed burner outlet by means of a backflow zone.
Abstract:
A staged-coal injection procedure for coal-fired boilers used in power generation. The procedure includes the steps of combusting a first type of coal in a first zone (115) of a furnace (120); and combusting a second type of coal in a second zone (114) of the furnace (120). The second zone is at a position separate from the first zone.
Abstract:
The present invention is related to methods and systems for preventing the release of nitrogen oxides with combustion flue gases emitted to the atmosphere. The invention is specifically directed to the removal of nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide, and nitrous oxide from flue gas in stationary combustion systems. The methods of the invention improve efficiency of conventional reburning and advanced reburning processes by two key improvements, including the injection of a reducing agent into the reburning zone (16) and the use of promoters, which considerably enhance NOx control. The promoters are metal-containing compounds that can be added to the reducing agents. These improvements allow either one or two stages of reducing agent injection for greater NOx control (50).
Abstract:
Beim Schmelzen von Glas aus Beschickungsgut (12) in Wannenöfen (1) mit Brennern (11) und mit Regeneratoren (6) für die Wiedergewinnung von Abwärme werden im Bereich der Flammenwurzeln Sauerstoff und Primärbrennstoffe zur Deckung des Wärmebedarfs für den Schmelzprozeß bei schwach unterstöchiometrischen Bedingungen zugeführt. Zur weiteren Reduzierung der Gehalte an NO x und CO in den Abgasen durch Nachverbrennung bzw. Nachoxidation jenseits der Flammenenden werden Sekundärbrennstoffe und stromabwärts weitere Luft zugeführt, um durch den Sekundärbrennstoff in oder über der Kammergitterung (5a, 6a) NO x zu reduzieren und stromabwärt durch die Luftzufuhr eine Nachverbrennung bzw. Nachoxidation durchzuführen, so daß schließlich eine zumindest weitgehend stöchiometrische Verbrennung erfolgt. Die Abgase werden vor dem Eintritt in einen Abgaskamin (15) zur Vorwärmung des Beschickungsguts (12) in mindestens einem Gutvorwärmer (13) verwendet. Um eine nahezu vollständige Rückgewinnung der Energieinhalte der Brennstoffe und einen kontinuierlichen Strom des Beschickungsguts zu gewährleisten, wird die Temperatur der aus den Regeneratoren (6) stammenden Abgase vor dem Eintritt in den mindestens einen Gutvorwärmer (13) gemessen, und die Menge der Sekundärbrennstoffe wird in Abhängigkeit von den gemessenen Temperaturwerten geregelt.
Abstract:
A system and process are provided for converting a light hydrocarbon gas to a synthetic heavier hydrocarbon liquid. The system includes an autothermal reformer, a Fischer-Tropsch reactor and a Brayton cycle that are structurally and functionally integrated. In the practice of the process, a mixture of a hydrocarbon feed gas, a compressed air feed and process steam is fed to the autothermal reformer to produce a synthesis gas. The synthesis gas is fed to the Fischer-Tropsch reactor where it is catalytically reacted to produce heavy hydrocarbons. The outlet from the Fischer-Tropsch reactor is separated into water, a low heating value tail gas, and the desired hydrocarbon liquid product. The water is pressurized and heated to generate process steam. The tail gas is heated and fed with compressed air and steam to the Brayton cycle having a combustor and a series of power turbines and compressors. The tail gas and air feed are burned in the combustor to produce a combustion gas that is used to drive a power turbine linked by a shaft to an air compressor, thereby driving the air compressor. The system further includes a plurality of heat exchangers that enable heat to be recovered from the outlet of the autothermal reformer. The recovered heat is used to make the process steam as well as to preheat the hydrocarbon feed gas before it is fed to the autothermal reformer, preheat the synthesis gas before it is fed to the Fischer-Tropsch reactor and preheat the tail gas before it is fed to the combustor.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method and arrangement for burning fuel gas in a furnace (2), particularly for burning gases of low heating value in a boiler (1) principally fired with a main fuel. The invention is based on feeding the product gas of a gasifier (5) or other combustible gas into air-deficient conditions of the lower part (10) of the furnace (2) and the gas is combusted upper in the furnace (2) at a desired level of combustion air infeed, or alternatively, at multiple infeed levels of the combustion air.
Abstract:
The present invention discloses a method of, and apparatus for, reducing NOx emissions from black coal fired updraught furnaces (20). The pulverised coal is entrapped in the "primary air" and separated into two streams, one fuel rich (13) and one fuel lean (15). These streams are introduced into the furnace (20) via a corresponding burner(s) (14,16) with the burner(s) (16) for the fuel lean stream (15) being located at an elevation above the burner(s) (14) for the fuel rich stream (13). The apparatus comprises a concentrator (3) positioned between the substantially conventional mill (1) and furnace (20) and arranged to split the primary air and entrapped fuel into the two abovementioned streams. The concentrator preferably includes a classifier (8) and takes the form of a swirl generator (5) and radially positioned outlets which make use of the action of centrifugal force on the "primary air" and entrapped coal particles to bring about the desired separation.