Abstract:
An improved method of electroplating a metal upon a substrate wherein a rod electrode is axially juxtaposed with the substrate across an electrolyte-flooded plating gap and electrodeposition occurs preferentially in the region of the substrate proximal to an end portion of the rod electrode. The rod electrode is displaced relative to the substrate while its axis is kept oriented substantially perpendicular to a fixed plane to allow the metal to be successively and continuously electrodeposited over the entire area of the substrate to be electroplated. The improved method comprises controlling the position of the rod electrode relative to the surface contour of the substrate while maintaining the relationship G=Gs/sin.alpha. substantially over the area where Gs is a distance defined between the electrode end and the point of intersection of the extension of the electrode axis and the surface contour, .alpha. is an angle defined by said extension with a tangent of the surface contour at said point of intersection and G is a constant representing a reference gap spacing.
Abstract:
A spinodal decomposition type magnetic alloy consisting by weight essentially of 15 to 23% chromium, 10 to 18% cobalt, 0.5 to 4% vanadium, 0.3 to 3% titanium, 0.1 to 2.5% tungsten and the balance iron. The magnetic alloy can be cast into a machinable permanent magnet body and has a high magnetic energy property.
Abstract:
Apparatus for controlling an electric discharge machining process in which machining pulses are applied across a machining gap with a pulse duration and peak current preselected to attain a predetermined machining consequence or result. At least one monitoring pulse is interposed in the succession of machining pulses and is time-spaced from and totally independent of the machining pulses while being dimensioned to give rise to a current pulse in the machining gap. The current pulse is measured as to at least one characteristic and the gap condition is determined in response to this measurement.
Abstract:
A unitary carbonaceous body consists of turbostratic carbon formed with a superficial graphitized portion in situ, preferably by passing a high-amperage electric current through this portion.
Abstract:
A traveling wire electrical machining system makes use of a single-strand traveling wire which is guided in a plurality of passes across a workpiece to cut through the latter at a plurality of parallel locations. According to the invention, the machining power supply has a plurality of outputs each of which is connected to a respective stretch of the traveling wire, thereby equalizing the machining current for each of the multiple stretches.
Abstract:
A method of electrochemically polishing a metal body which comprises juxtaposing the surface to be polished with a tool electrode in the presence of an abrasive and an electrolyte, and applying pulses having a duration not exceeding 100 microseconds between the electrode and the workpiece with the electrode being poled negatively.
Abstract:
Frozen foodstuffs are defrosted under an atmospheric pressure between about 2 atm. and 5 atm. using a liquid or gaseous environment at a defrosting temperature, thereby retaining the cellular structure, texture and appearance of the foodstuffs during defrosting. When the liquid is water, the foodstuffs may be maintained under pressure by immersing them to a depth in excess of 10m, while the medium is preferably a non-oxidizing gas or a gas capable of excluding atmospheric oxygen, preferably carbon dioxide, nitrogen, helium or argon. The defrosting temperature is preferably provided by internal heating of the foodstuffs, e.g. by high frequency dielectric heating, inductive heating or resistive heating.
Abstract:
An electrochemical grinding wheel of substantially uniform conductivity along its contoured grinding surfaces is modified to reduce the conductivity at locations generally parallel to the tool-feed direction (perpendicular to the machine surface) so that electrochemical removal of material from the workpiece occurs substantially only at those surfaces which are transverse to the tool-feed direction. This prevents overcutting of the workpiece.
Abstract:
Activation of metallic powders by subjecting the powder to bombardment with electrons, ions, or molecules in an inert or reductive atmosphere. Improved densities result in sintering, as do improved catalytic actions. Simultaneous pulverization of coarse particles or bodies is also achieved where desired. The pretreatment is, in some instances, combined with loading the activated particles directly into a mold, for compaction or sintering, preferably with some additional activation, all done in an integrated system. The corpuscular particle bombardment of powder is advantageously effected by exposing the powder to a glow discharge produced between a pair of electrodes in a rarefied non-oxidizing atmosphere with the pressure of the atmosphere and the distance between the electrodes being such that their product in mm Hg times cm is in a range between 10.sup.-2 and 10.
Abstract:
A system for formation treatment of sludge in which an endless belt screen forms an electrode which extends over a portion of its path into the fluid sludge and is juxtaposed with another electrode therein so that the applicaton of an electrical potential across the electrodes results in the formaton of a consolidated and partly dewatered sludge deposit upon the screen electrode. The latter then carries the deposit to a drying chamber and preferably thereafter to an incinerator chamber in which the sludge deposit is incinerated alternatively, the dry sludge layer can be removed.