Abstract:
It is decribed a process for thermal hydrolysis and team explosion of biomass, said method comprising the steps of: (i) leading the biomass approximately continuous to a first preheating step and preheat the biomass, (ii) leading the preheated biomass into at least two reactors sequentially, (iii) heating and pressurising the reactor by addition of steam, (iv) keeping the reactor(s) at a certain temperature and pressure for a certain time, (v) leading the heated and pressurised biomass from the reactor(s) to a first pressure relief tank without any substantial pressure reduction and quickly relief the pressure of the biomass by means of a nozzle, in order to disintegrate the biomass, (vi) leading the biomass from the first pressure relief tank to a second pressure relief tank having a lower pressure than the pressure of the first pressure relief tank, (vii) leading the so treated biomass to a downstream facility for subsequent treatment. The invention also comprises a device for thermal treatment of biomass.
Abstract:
The invention provides a redispersible powder and aqueous dispersions comprising nanoparticles of water insoluble organic compounds. The invention further provides methods for preparing the redispersible powder and the aqueous dispersion, wherein the methods comprise preparation of an oil-in-water microemulsion and solvent removal.
Abstract:
Reactors including a chamber having a mixing apparatus within the chamber are provided. Reactors are also provided that include a chamber with a separation apparatus and/or a catalyst apparatus within the chamber. Reactor assemblies are provided that can include: a base configured to define at least a portion of a reaction chamber volume, a separation apparatus within the reaction chamber volume, a catalyst apparatus within the reaction chamber volume, and a lid coupled to both the separation and catalyst apparatuses. Production processes are provided that can include combining at least two reactants within a chamber to form a gas-phase reaction mixture and mechanically mixing the mixture within the chamber to form a product.
Abstract:
Die Erfindung betrifft eine modulare Vorrichtung zur kontinuierlichen Entgasung von Reaktionsprodukten aus einer Carbonsäure oder Dicarbonsäuren mit einem mehrfunktionalen Alkohol, die zur Herstellung von Vorkondensaten (oder auch Prepolymeren) eingesetzt werden kann und in der durch die Konstruktion und Anordnung der modularen Böden ein reaktionstechnisch hohes Verhältnis von Produktoberfläche zu Produktvolumen erreicht wird, welches proportional zur Erzeugung der intrinsischen Viskosität (IV) der Reaktionsproduktmasse von 0,20 - 0,35 dl/g ist. Diese Vorrichtung ist standardisiert und modular gestaltet und besteht aus mindestens 3 Modulen, die einen niedrigen Temperaturgradienten zwischen Produktmasse und Wärmeträgermedium gewährleisten: 1. Produkteintritt 2. Produktaustritt mit Produktsumpf und Beheizung, 3. Brüdensammlung und Brüdenaustritt. Zur nachträglichen Erhöhung der Reaktorkapazität können flach ausgef ührte Erweiterungsmodule zur zusätzlichen Generierung von Produktoberf läche nachtgerüstet werden. Die Vorrichtung gewährleistet eine hohe spe zi fische Produktoberfläche zur Maximierung des Stoffaustausches von niedrig siedenden Bestandteilen aus dem Produkt bei gleichzeitigem Ausschluss von Anbackungen kondens ierter und verfestigender Bestandteile an der Reaktorhülle.
Abstract:
A chlorine dioxide generator comprising a primary vessel and a canister which is attached to a receptacle at the bottom of the primary vessel and functions as a reaction vessel. A signal is generated to indicate when the canister is securely in place and a solenoid rod locks the canister in position until a chlorine dioxide reaction goes to completion. To start the reaction, water fills a priming chamber and solution chamber of the primary vessel, the priming chamber being located in an upper portion of the primary vessel, and an air pump forces a predetermined portion of water from the priming chamber via a feed line through a grommet at the top of the canister to a chemical reaction chamber of the canister along with a continuous air flow. The water from the feed line contacts precursor chemicals within the canister and chlorine dioxide gas is generated which passes through a gas flow chamber and into the primary vessel via a gas membrane valve.
Abstract:
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Reaktionsbehälter, zumindest umfassend: einen druckfesten Hauptkessel (1); einen mit dem Hauptkessel (1) verbundenen Beruhigungskessel (2); wobei der Beruhigungskessel (2) ein Druckbegrenzungsventil (9) aufweist, durch welches gasförmige Produkte aus dem Beruhigungskessel (2) nach außen abgeführt werden können. Ferner betrifft die Erfindung ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Molekularsieben, insbesondere Zeolithen, welches in dem erfindungsgemäßen Reaktionsbehälter durchgeführt werden kann.
Abstract:
Dispositif et installation d'injection de matières, notamment particulaires, dans une enceinte et procédé associé. Le dispositif d'injection de matières dans une enceinte de réaction d'un procédé de traitement en eau sous pression comprend une capacité de pressurisation (24) ayant un volume interne dans lequel est disposé un ensemble mobile (29), par exemple un soufflet, qui le compartimente de manière étanche en deux volumes variables, à savoir une capacité de pressurisation (32) et une capacité de mise en pression hydraulique (34). La capacité variable de mise en pression hydraulique de ce dispositif est raccordée à la sortie (15) de la phase aqueuse d'un séparateur liquide/gaz (14) qui sépare les phases liquide et gazeuse d'un effluent sortant de l'enceinte de réaction (2).
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method of charging a pressurized container with granular solids. According to the inventive method, the solids are first guided into a first container (10) that is subjected to an atmospheric pressure and then into a second container (20) that is located below said first container and that is subjected to a variable pressure before the pressurized container is charged with said solids. Said first and said second container have respective lower outlet channels (11) and a movable slide (2) that interacts with said outlet channels. The outlet end of the outlet channel (11) is located 20 to 400 mm above the slide (2) in the closed position and the slide, in the closed position, forms the bottom of a chamber (13) that is at least partially filled with solids. Said chamber is linked with the outlet channel in a gas-tight manner. The chamber and the slide are not shut off from each other in a gas-tight manner. The slide carries bulk solids (14) in the closed position. The outlet channel (11) and the container (10) contain a vertical solids column of at least 1 m height. In the closed position, seal gas (12) is forced from outside into the chamber and into the solids column.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for feeding particulate material into a pressurized process pipe or vessel, in which method the particulate material is mixed with a liquid medium and dosed by a pump into the pressurized process pipe or vessel. The invention is mainly characterized in that the mixture of the particulate material and liquid medium is dosed into the pressurized process pipe or vessel by means of a feeding system comprising a valveless rotary piston pump.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a two-stage method for loading carbonated feed materials into a treatment chamber, preferably a pressurized gasification reactor, according to the High temperature Winkler method. The first stage involves using cone mixers to make the material transportable and subjecting said material to pressure. In the second stage, the material is homogenized using the cone mixers and fed into the treatment chamber in a regulated manner.