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    Preparation of solid aggregates of high density boron nitride crystals
    212.
    发明授权
    Preparation of solid aggregates of high density boron nitride crystals 失效

    公开(公告)号：US5549731A

    公开(公告)日：1996-08-27

    申请号：US334762

    申请日：1994-12-21

    Applicant: Carl F. Cline ,  Mark W. Wilkins ,  Alan W. Hare

    Inventor： Carl F. Cline ,  Mark W. Wilkins ,  Alan W. Hare

    IPC: B01J3/06 ,  B01J3/08 ,  C04B35/5831 ,  C22C29/14 ,  B29C43/00 ,  C06B21/00

    CPC classification number: B01J3/08 ,  B01J3/062 ,  C04B35/5831 ,  B01J2203/0645 ,  B01J2203/066 ,  B01J2203/0685

    Abstract: Method and apparatus for compaction of powder of high density boron nitride, having an initial particle diameter of at least two microns, into a high density crystal aggregate of between 1 mm up to about 1 cm in diameter, the resulting crystal aggregate having a zincblende form, the wurtzite form or mixtures of the zincblende and wurtzite forms. High density aggregates of boron nitride, preferably having particle sizes with diameters at least 2 .mu.m, are placed in a hollow, substantially cylindrical first container of metal, and the first container is surrounded by a fluid-like material of metal or metal powder having a shock wave velocity V. The first container and fluid-like material are placed in a substantially cylindrical second container that is purged of substantially all air and sealed. The second container has a rigid side wall and two rigid end walls. A high explosive, having a detonation velocity D of at least 6 km/sec and preferably at least 8 km/sec, is positioned at one end wall and along at least a portion of the side wall of the second container. The high explosive is detonated, and an approximately radially directed pressure wave moves through the fluid-like material and the boron nitride powder toward the center of the second container. A second, approximately radially directed pressure wave, separated in time from the first pressure wave, subsequently moves outward through the fluid-like material and the boron nitride powder. These two pressure waves produce boron nitride aggregates of density at least 95 percent of the theoretical maximum density (3.49 gm/cm.sup.3) and of sizes at least 1 mm in diameter. A solid mandrel can be positioned near a center line of the second container to improve the quality of the resulting product. Grain sizes as small as 0.005-0.05 gm are produced. Boron nitride aggregates with Knoop hardness parameters in the range of 4300-5000 Kgm/mm.sup.2 can be produced in this manner.

    Polymerization process and apparatus
    215.
    发明授权
    Polymerization process and apparatus 失效
    聚合方法和装置

    公开(公告)号：US4731227A

    公开(公告)日：1988-03-15

    申请号：US931983

    申请日：1986-11-24

    Applicant: Charles F. Pulvari

    Inventor： Charles F. Pulvari

    IPC: B01J3/08 ,  B01J19/10 ,  B06B1/06 ,  C08F2/00

    CPC classification number: B01J19/10 ,  B01J3/08 ,  B06B1/0655

    Abstract: A polymerization process and reactor utilizes a high power shock producing device for introducing high energy pulses shock waves to a body of constituent monomer molecules for breaking and making bonds. The high energy pulsed shock waves are generated and introduced into a body of the constituent monomerics to break the molecular bonds and create new bonding by a hollow piezoelectric shock tube mounted in an autoclave. A stirrer is operated simultaneously to stir away the new bonding sites and make them available for linkage to another monomer contained in the reactor vessel.

    Abstract translation: 聚合方法和反应器利用高功率冲击产生装置，用于将高能量脉冲冲击波引导到构成单体分子的主体以破坏和制造粘结。 产生高能脉冲冲击波并引入构成单体的体内以破坏分子键，并通过安装在高压釜中的中空压电式冲击管产生新的结合。 搅拌器同时操作以搅拌新的粘合位点并使其可用于与包含在反应器容器中的另一单体连接。

    Multiple firing exploding film systems
    218.
    发明授权
    Multiple firing exploding film systems 失效
    多次爆炸电影系统

    公开(公告)号：US4479919A

    公开(公告)日：1984-10-30

    申请号：US454506

    申请日：1982-12-29

    Applicant: Frank E. Lowther

    Inventor： Frank E. Lowther

    IPC: B01J3/08 ,  B01J19/02 ,  C23C14/32

    CPC classification number: C23C14/32 ,  B01J19/02 ,  B01J3/08 ,  B01J2219/0204 ,  B01J2219/0227 ,  B01J2219/0236 ,  B01J2219/0254 ,  B01J2219/0263

    Abstract: A multi-firing exploding film system for enhancing a chemical and/or physical reaction which is capable of being fired several times without replacing the explodible element. The explodible element is formed of an explodible material, e.g. metal or semi-conductor material which is deposited as a film on the interior of a reactor. A pulse power supply is electrically connected to the film and is cyclically actuated to repeatably fire the explodible element upon demand. The present system basically functions as a continuous vaporization-deposition-revaporization process wherein at least a portion is vaporized upon each firing and is then recondensed onto the interior of the reactor before the next firing.

    Abstract translation: 一种用于增强化学和/或物理反应的多燃烧爆炸膜系统，其能够被多次烧制而不替换可爆炸元件。 可爆炸元件由可爆炸材料形成，例如 金属或半导体材料，其作为膜沉积在反应器的内部。 脉冲电源电连接到薄膜上并循环地致动，以根据需要重复地点燃可爆炸元件。 本系统基本上起到连续蒸发 - 沉积 - 再蒸发的作用，其中至少一部分在每次焙烧时蒸发，然后在下一次焙烧之前重新凝结到反应器的内部。

    Chemical reaction
    219.
    发明授权
    Chemical reaction 失效
    化学反应

    公开(公告)号：US4367130A

    公开(公告)日：1983-01-04

    申请号：US97651

    申请日：1979-11-27

    Applicant: Jerome H. Lemelson

    Inventor： Jerome H. Lemelson

    IPC: B01J3/08 ,  B01J19/08 ,  B01J19/12 ,  B22D31/00 ,  B24B31/00 ,  B30B1/00

    CPC classification number: B22D31/00 ,  B01J19/081 ,  B01J19/121 ,  B01J3/08 ,  B24B31/00 ,  B30B1/002

    Abstract: An apparatus and method for reacting on matter with shock waves which are directed through or against said matter. In a preferred form, the shock waves are generated intermittently for an extended period of time, during which time the work is subjected to the high temperatures and pressures of the shock waves. Both chemical and physical changes may be effected in the material reacted on by the shock waves.Where a plurality of shock waves are directed against the same matter to progressively change same, the apparatus includes means for amplifying the shock waves to increase the intensity of the individual waves and enhance or improve the reactive effects.Both chemical and physical changes in matter are effected by means of the shock waves which may be generated intermittently by one or more means including the discharge of intense sparks in a fluid medium which comprises or is disposed coupled to the material to be worked by the shock waves, the direction of intense pulses of laser light or electron beam energy into the fluid or solid medium to be worked or coupled thereto and, in certain instances, the intermittent compression of a fluid by means of a piston or other device.The matter to be reacted on may be disposed within the column or chamber in which the shock waves are generated or in direct alignment with the end of such a column or chamber.In a particular form of the invention, a plurality of shock waves are simultaneously generated and directed against matter which is compressed by the shock waves as they advance toward each other.

    Abstract translation: 一种用于使物质与冲击波反应的装置和方法，所述冲击波被引导通过或抵靠所述物质。 在优选形式中，冲击波间歇地产生延长的时间段，在此期间工作受到冲击波的高温和高压。 在由冲击波反应的材料中可能会影响化学和物理变化。 在多个冲击波相对于相同的事物被引导以逐渐改变的情况下，该装置包括用于放大冲击波以增加各个波的强度并增强或改善反作用效应的装置。 物质的化学和物理变化都可以通过冲击波来实现，这些冲击波可以通过一种或多种方式间歇地产生，包括在流体介质中排出强烈的火花，流体介质包括或通过冲击与待加工的材料相连接 波浪，激光的强烈脉冲或电子束能量的方向进入待加工或耦合到其中的流体或固体介质中，并且在某些情况下，通过活塞或其它装置间歇地压缩流体。 要反应的物质可以设置在产生冲击波的柱或室内，或者与这种柱或室的端部直接对准。 在本发明的特定形式中，同时产生多个冲击波并且针对随着冲击波彼此前进而被压缩的物质。

    Fluid dynamic energy exchanger
    220.
    发明授权
    Fluid dynamic energy exchanger 失效
    流体动力换热器

    公开(公告)号：US4272223A

    公开(公告)日：1981-06-09

    申请号：US25714

    申请日：1979-03-30

    Applicant: Peter Bauer

    Inventor： Peter Bauer

    IPC: B01J3/08 ,  F02B3/06 ,  F02B27/00 ,  F04F13/00 ,  F04F99/00 ,  F04F11/02

    CPC classification number: F04F13/00 ,  B01J3/08 ,  F02B27/06 ,  F02B3/06 ,  Y02T10/146

    Abstract: Transfer of energy from a relatively high pressure flowing first fluid to a relatively low pressure second fluid is achieved with a master commutator (10) driven solely in response to the flowing first fluid and which separates the first fluid into discrete slugs. Compression waves generated by the pressurized first fluid pressurizes the second fluid in a flow passage (11). The second fluid and first fluid are separately removed from the flow passage by a slave commutator (13) which is synchronized in frequency to the master commutator. In a preferred embodiment the master and slave commutators are fluidis oscillators (20, 21) having no moving parts. The technique has particular utilization as a supercharger for diesel engines.

    Abstract translation: 使用主要换向器（10），将能量从相对较高压力流动的第一流体转移到相对低压的第二流体，该主换流器（10）仅根据流动的第一流体驱动并将第一流体分离成离散的段塞。 由加压的第一流体产生的压缩波在流动通道（11）中加压第二流体。 第二流体和第一流体通过从动换向器（13）分开地从流动通道移除，该换向器在频率上与主换向器同步。 在优选实施例中，主和从换向器是没有运动部件的流体振荡器（20,21）。 该技术作为柴油发动机的增压器具有特别的利用。

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