Abstract:
Disclosed is an improved process for the recovery of rhodium catalyst values from "tars" formed during the preparation of acetic anhydride by the rhodium-catalyzed carbonylation of a mixture of methyl iodide and methyl acetate. The process entails an extraction process wherein rhodium-containing tar is extracted using a combination of aqueous hydrogen iodide, methyl iodide and elemental iodine to recover 95 weight percent or greater of the rhodium in the aqueous phase.
Abstract:
Disclosed are aqueous inks containing a water-dissipatable polyester that have improved properties such as blocking resistance. The polyesters of the inks contain 12 to 25 mole % (based on the total of all acid and hydroxyl equivalents being equal to 200 mole %) of at least one difunctional ester-forming sulfomonomer. The glycol portion of the polyester is an aliphatic, alicyclic, or aralkyl glycol.
Abstract:
A hazardous liquid, such as a flammable liquid or an explosive liquid, is stored in a module (44a, b, c) including a liquid storage tank (40) mounted within a leak-tight prefabricated, reinforced, concrete vessel (10). The module (44) is supported on a foundation. A fire retardant (50) fills the space between the storage tank (40) and the vessel (10), and conduits (52, 54), pumps, etc. are connected to the tank (40) to provide the liquids to, and remove the liquids from, the storage tank (40).
Abstract:
A method and apparatus for signal companding is disclosed that incorporates a log-offset companding technique to provide both a high bandwidth over the dynamic range of the signal being processed as well as temperature stability. In addition, the incorporation of log-offset companding technique provides the capability of generating a family of transfer curves. The ability to provide a family of transfer curves is particularly useful, for example, in telecine machines adapted to scan more than one type of film.
Abstract:
Sulfonium, selenonium, arsonium, ammonium and phosphonium salts, useful as photoinitiators, comprise: a chromophore which absorbs visible radiation, the chromophore (1) having a removable positive hydrogen ion and (2) exhibiting a higher energy occupied molecular orbital than at least one other substituent attached to the S, Se, As, N or P atom of the salt; a group which links the chromophore to the S, Se, As, N or P atom of the salt, the group partially preventing pi resonance between the chromophore and the other substituents in the salt; at least one substituent comprising an electron withdrawing group and exhibiting a lower unoccupied molecular orbital than the chromophore; and, an anion; the salts being capable, upon exposure to visible radiation, of forming a Bronsted acid.
Abstract:
An illumination system for a film scanner is disclosed which comprises a light source (14) and optics for providing a line of light on a film (44). Light transmitted through the film is imaged onto photosensor elements such as CCD arrays (50, 52). In order to obtain a high quality electronic image, a xenon light source is used, color filters (26, 28, 30-32) are included in the system to control the spectral content of the light provided to the film gate, and an integrating cylinder (34) is used to provide a line of diffuse light on the film (44).
Abstract:
A beam position sensor for a beam scanner is disclosed for use in a laser printer. The printer comprises three diode lasers each of which emits at a different wavelength. The beams from the three lasers are combined by the use of dichroic plates to form one combined beam. The combined beam is scanned onto a receiving medium by a polygon. The beam position sensor of the present invention is adapted to sense the position of the polygon in order to provide a synchronizing signal which will insure that each raster line in the printer is started at the proper position. The beam position sensor includes a diode laser and optics for projecting a beam from the laser onto the polygon. The beam is reflected back from the polygon into a photodetector which effects the start of a new raster line at the appropriate time.
Abstract:
Reproduction apparatus is disclosed having at least one image signal generator (14, 16), a multiple page buffer memory (64) for storing the image signals, and a writer (76) for forming images from the page buffer memory. Upon the occurrence of a malfunction in the writer, operation of the image signal generator is continued only until the first to occur of (a) all of the original pages have been stored in the multiple page buffer memory or (b) the multiple page buffer memory is filled. Upon the occurrence of a malfunction in the signal generator, operation of the writer is continued until the next page to be written has not been stored in the buffer memory.
Abstract:
Estimates of the horizontal and vertical positions of digital bits on film are corrected by tracking the bit transition boundaries in the horizontal and vertical directions. Frequency of useful film bit transitions in the vertical direction is maximized prior to recording by error correction encoding the digital audio bytes and then selectively inverting symmetric portions of each codeword. Frequency of useful film bit transitions in the horizontal direction is maximized prior to recording by channel encoding the error correction symbols in each codeword so as to force the weight of the resulting symbol to be half the number of data bits per symbol. During playback, errors in the horizontal film bit position estimates are corrected. The magnitude of each film bit located is measured and compared to predetermined magnitudes representative of binary zero and one values. The boundaries between received codeword symbols are determined in an electoral process in which the symbol weights of various boundaries are determined. False indications of symbol boundary errors are eliminated by a first level bit error correction. Final error correction is then performed employing a Reed-Solomon decoder algorithm.
Abstract:
Process is disclosed for the preparation of dihydroxy esters such as hydroxypivalyl hydroxypivalate from hydroxy aldehydes such as hydroxypivaldehyde by contacting said hydroxy aldehydes with low levels of at least one elemental metal selected from a defined group of metals. Reaction product is readily recovered without the need for extensive catalysts neutralization and/or removal procedures.