Abstract:
Short-cut synthetic or cellulose-based natural reinforcing fiber is provided for polymer composites in a form that feeds uniformly into a compounding process such as is carried out in a single or twin screw extruder or double armed batch mixer using conventional volumetric or gravimetric metering equipment. Upon being fed to the compounding process, the reinforcing fiber disperses and becomes uniformly distributed in a matrix resin. The reinforcing fibers are provided in the form of cut fiber bundles with a finish composition coating the fibers and forming fugitive inter-fiber bonds within each cut fiber bundle. This provides inter-fiber coherency such that the cut fiber bundles can be fed uniformly via a loss-in-volume or loss-in-weight screw feeder device to a compounding process. Upon mixing in the compounding process with a matrix polymer, the fugitive bonds break, and the cut fiber bundles disintegrate into separate individual fibers dispersed in the matrix polymer. A process for producing the short-cut reinforcing fiber is also provided.
Abstract:
Disclosed herein is a process for the selective synthesis of triorganophosphite intermediates, including mono- and di-phosphites, from phosphorus trihalides, alcohols and triorganoamines where the alcohol and the triorganoamine are added either (a) separately but concurrently and continuously, (b) separately, concurrently but discontinuously, or (c) separately, discontinuously and in alternating portions of triorganoamine and alcohol.
Abstract:
The invention provides a hydrocyanation process for the production of adiponitrile and other dinitriles having six carbon atoms, the process comprising: a) forming a reaction mixture in the presence of at least one Lewis acid, said reaction mixture comprising ethylenically unsaturated nitrites having five carbon atoms, hydrogen cyanide, and a catalyst precursor composition, by continuously feeding ethylenically unsaturated nitrites, hydrogen cyanide, and a catalyst precursor composition; b) controlling X and Z, wherein X is the overall feed molar ratio of 2-pentenenitriles to all unsaturated nitrites and Z is the overall feed molar ratio of hydrogen cyanide to all unsaturated nitrites, by selecting a value for X in the range from about 0.001 to about 0.5, and a value for Z in the range from about 0.5/1 to about 0.99/1, such that the value of quotient Q, Formula (I), wherein Q is in the range from about 0.2 to about 10, wherein 3PN is 3- pentenenitriles and 4PN is 4-pentenenitrile; and c) withdrawing a reaction product mixture comprising adiponitrile; wherein the ratio of the concentration of 2-pentenenitriles to the concentration of 3-pentenenitriles in the reaction mixture is from about 0.2/1 to about 10/1; wherein the catalyst precursor composition comprises a zero-valent nickel and at least one multidentate phosphorus-containing ligand; wherein the multidentate phosphorus-containing ligand is selected from the group consisting of a phosphite, a phosphonite, a phosphinite, a phosphine, and a mixed phosphorus-containing ligand or a combination of such members; and wherein the multidentate phosphorus-containing ligand gives acceptable results according to at least one protocol of the 2- Pentenenitrile Hydrocyanation Test Method.
Abstract:
Knit fabrics and military apparel such as T-shirts made therefrom are disclosed. The fabrics are constructed from blended yarns made from an intimate combination of nylon and cotton staple fibers. Such fabrics comprise a weight ratio of cotton to nylon which ranges from about 55:45 to about 85:15, and these fabrics also have a weight ranging from about 3 to about 8 oz/yd2. Knit fabrics of this type possess a desirable combination of good thermal protective properties, provided the specified high level of staple fiber blend uniformity is achieved, along with very useful abrasion resistance, bursting strength and drying time characteristics.
Abstract:
Disclosed is a polymer additive composition and solution of the additive having more than about 5 w% solubility in a mixture of water and water soluble organic compounds comprising: a substantially water insoluble polymer additive capable of forming a salt, the polymer additive having less than about 1 w% water solubility, and a counterpart salt forming species. A process for using these polymer additive compositions and solutions is disclosed wherein the additive or the additive solution is added prior to or optionally during or optional after a polymerisation process to form polyamides or polyesters.
Abstract:
Disclosed is an elastic polyurethane yarn which can exhibit excellent heat resistance even when an unsaturated fatty acid or a heavy metal is attached to the yarn during dyeing at a high temperature, and which has high elastic recovery and high strenth/elongation. Specifically disclosed is an elastic yarn comprising a polyurethane mainly composed of a polymer diol and a diisocyanate, which contains (a) a hindered phenol compound, (b) an N,N-dialkylsemicarbazide compound and (c) a nitrogenated aromatic compound, wherein the nitrogenated aromatic compound (c) is contained in an amount of 0.01 to 0.30 weight % inclusive.