Abstract:
A logging tool having a plurality of spatially separated antennas is provided and used to make propagation-style measurements in a formation. Tensors are formed using the propagation-style measurements and one or more quantities are computed using the tensors. A formation evaluation is performed using the computed quantities. The formation evaluation determines a formation property or parameter such as horizontal resistivity, vertical resistivity, relative dip, azimuthal dip, bed boundary location, or bed thickness. The computed quantities may include compensated phase shift resistivity, compensated attenuation resistivity, symmetrized phase shift resistivity, symmetrized attenuation resistivity, anti-symmetrized phase shift resistivity, and anti-symmetrized attenuation resistivity. The measurements may be corrected for antenna gain errors and an air calibration may be performed. A zero-dimension inversion may be performed, while drilling, and the determined horizontal resistivity, vertical resistivity, relative dip, and/or azimuthal dip information may be sent to an uphole processor in real-time.
Abstract:
An antenna insulating structure for a well logging instrument includes an antenna bed disposed in a recess formed in an exterior of an instrument mandrel. A feed through port is disposed in the recess and provides a passage between the recess and an atmospheric chamber in the instrument mandrel. An antenna is disposed on the antenna bed and is electrically coupled to the atmospheric chamber through a feedthrough disposed in the port. The port is filled with a sealing material. An antenna cover is disposed on the antenna. At least one of the antenna bed, the sealing material and the antenna cover is made from polyether ether ketone (PEEK) or a composite material thereof.
Abstract:
An electrochemical sensor incorporates a ferrocenophane which is a compound with at least one bridging group covalently attached to and connecting the two cyclopentadiene rings associated with the same iron atom. This bridging group maybe tetramethylene. As compared to an equivalent sensor with ferrocene, the tolerance of elevated temperature is improved and so is the working life at ambient temperature.
Abstract:
Derivatization of an elemental carbon surface is accomplished by exposing the carbon surface to an aprotic solvent containing a hydrazone molecule of formula or the corresponding salt of formula wherein R 1 is an organic group, and R2 is an organic group or hydrogen and decomposing the hydrazone in the presence of elemental carbon to create a carbene moiety of formula: which attaches to the carbon surface. The attached groups may be redox active so that the derivatized carbon may be used in an electrochemical sensor.
Abstract:
A process for derivatization of an elemental carbon surface comprising exposing the carbon surface to a reaction mixture containing a thiol and a free radical initiator, and inducing decomposition of the initiator to free radicals so that moieties from the thiol become covalently attached to the carbon surface. The process can derivatize carbon with a redox active compound having a functional group which can be converted electrochemically between reduced and oxidized forms. Such derivatized carbon may be used in an electrode of an electrochemical sensor.
Abstract:
A remedial method for repairing a damaged cement sheath, especially for use in wells in which fluids with a pH lower than 6 are injected, stored or extracted, comprises placing an acid swellable composition adjacent to the cement sheath. In the event of cement-matrix failure, or bonding failure between the cement/casing interface or the cement/borehole- wall interface, the composition may be injected into or adjacent to the cement sheath so that the material swells when contacted by acid gases, including carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide. The swelling seals voids in the cement matrix, or along the bonding interfaces, thereby restoring zonal isolation.
Abstract:
A self-healing cement for use in wells in which acid gases are injected, stored or extracted, comprises an acid-swelling material. In the event of cement-matrix failure, or bonding failure between the cement/casing interface or the cement/borehole- wall interface, the material swells when contacted by acid gases, including carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide. The swelling seals voids in the cement matrix, or along the bonding interfaces, thereby restoring zonal isolation. The acid swelling material may also be used without cement for remedial treatments to restore zonal isolation.
Abstract:
Systems and methods for modeling a fractured medium are provided. The method includes discretizing fractures in a representation of the fractured medium, with the discretizing including defining points along the fractures and edges extending between adjacent points. The method also includes determining that at least one of the edges is a non-Gabriel edge, and removing the non-Gabriel edge from the representation. The method further includes approximating the removed non-Gabriel edge to generate an approximated edge, and inserting the approximated edge into the representation.
Abstract:
An example apparatus includes a formation description module that interprets a formation description corresponding to a formation of interest, a fluid description module that interprets a high solids content fluid (HSCF) description, and a fracture modeling module that models a fracturing operation in the formation of interest in response to the formation description and the HSCF description. The apparatus further includes a fracture results module that provides a fracture treatment description parameter in response to the model.
Abstract:
A winch drive assembly includes a drum having a cylindrical spool located axially between a first hollow annular flange and a second substantially circular flange having a central axle. A hydraulic motor has an inner stator and an outer rotor, the outer rotor of which releasably engages the first hollow annular flange of the drum. A braking system is positioned adjacent the outer rotor of the hydraulic motor and a support member releasably engages the central axle of the second flange of the drum.